Confederation Flashcards
(113 cards)
1
Q
Who was the leader of Le Parti Rouge?
A
A.A. Dorian
2
Q
Who was the leader of Clear Grit?
A
George Brown
3
Q
Who was the leader of Liberal Conservative?
A
John A. MacDonald
4
Q
Who was the leader of Le Parti Bleus?
A
Jacques Cartier
5
Q
What were the five reasons for Confederation?
A
1) Railway
2) Trade with the US
3) Threat of American expansion northward
4) Changing British attitudes
5) Political Deadlock and the Great Coalition
6
Q
Who supported annexation?
A
the english-speaking merchants
7
Q
Who opposed annexation and why?
A
1) french-speakers: ways of life could be affected both culturally and language
2) Loyalists: cut ties with Britian
8
Q
What is reciprocity?
A
It means that it is a beneficial agreement for both sides, in which both sides gain.
9
Q
Who benefited and what occurred during reciprocity?
A
The US could fish in our waters off the east coast (N.B, N.S, P.E.I) and Canadians could ship certain things from certain provinces into the US without tariffs (natural resources)
10
Q
When was the Quebec Conference held?
A
October 10 to 27, 1864
11
Q
What colonies were represented at the Quebec Conference?
A
South Ontario, South Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, PEI and Newfoundland
12
Q
what were the goals of the Quebec Conference?
A
1) finish negotiations from the Charlottetown Conference (unite the 5 British colonies under a federal banner)
13
Q
During the Quebec Conference what did they decide to do about the bad weather?
A
To throw a party
14
Q
During the Quebec Conference what was the first thing they agreed on?
A
each of them would have one voice during votes, except Canada which had two
15
Q
What type of government did John A. MacDonald want?
A
- provinces not to much power
- strong central government
16
Q
In MacDonald’s opinion what was the problem with the American style of government?
A
-weak union, to much state power
17
Q
During the Quebec Conference (and in general) who was worried about losing their identity?
A
Maritime and French-Canadians
18
Q
During the Quebec Conference what two issues proved difficult to decide on?
A
1) distribution of the seats in the senate
2) financial arrangements submitted by Alexander T. Galt
19
Q
Who and why opposed the provisions of the Quebec Conference?
A
PEI
not a fair number of seats in senate or House of Commons
20
Q
What are the 72-Resolutions?
A
established a plan for a later meeting of all BNA colonies
21
Q
When was Canada officially born?
A
July 1st 1867
22
Q
What provinces were included in the confederation of Canada in 1867?
A
Quebec, Ontario, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia
23
Q
Was defense a provincial or federal power?
A
Federal
24
Q
Was mines and forests a provincial or federal power?
A
Federal
25
Was fisheries a provincial or federal power?
federal
26
was customs and duties provincial or federal?
federal
27
was criminal law a federal or provincial power?
federal
28
Who recommended MacDonald and Cartier become prime minister?
Alexander Galt
29
was banks a provincial or federal power?
Federal
30
was immigration a provincial or federal power?
Federal
31
was aboriginal affairs a provincial or federal power?
Federal
32
was trade a provincial or federal power
federal
33
was foreign affairs a provincial or federal power?
federal
34
was education a provincial or federal power?
provincial
35
was property rights a provincial or federal power?
provincial
36
was taxation a provincial or federal power?
provincial
37
was the licensing of businesses a provincial or federal power?
provinical
38
was shipping a provincial or federal power?
provincial
39
Who and what was the liberal-conservative party's power base and main concerns?
Power Base: Loyalists
Main concerns: -wanted to uphold British tradition
-for confederation
-thought the Canadian government would change to radically
40
Who and what was the Clear-Grit Party's power base and main concerns?
Power Base: reformers from Canada West who were English-speaking Canadians
Main concerns: -opposed Baldwin's policies
-they supported representation by population because they wanted more power in the legislative assembly
41
Who was Le Parti Rouge's power base?
Power Base:- french Canadiens
- radical liberal political party from Canada East
- reformers fighting for the rights of the Canadiens and for democratic reforms (universal suffrage)
- allied with Clear Grit
42
What was Le Parti Rouge's main concerns?
- wanted a better situation for Canadiens
- main opposition Le Parti Bleus
- main concern to keep rights without Lower Canada changing them and their culture
43
Who and what was the Le Parti Bleus power base and main concerns?
- English speaking Canadians and Canadiens in co-operation
| - "rep by pop" this would result in Canada east having less power
44
What were three main benefits of Confederation
1) economic stability between provinces
2) a strong central government
3) the west could not be annexed with the US
45
What was the goal of the Charlottetown Conference? Who agreed to meet at Quebec to continue negotiations and with who?
Goal: to discuss Maritime Union
| Discuss joining with PEI and Newfoundland
46
Under the BNA Act 5 powers held by the federal (national) government are:
1) the public debt and property
2) the regulation of trade and commerce
3) unemployment insurance
4) postal service
5) navigation and shipping
47
Five powers held by provincial government:
1) the burrowing of money on the sole credit of the province
2) municipal institutions in the province
3) Property and civil rights in the province
4) the solemnization of marriage in the province
5) the incorporation of companies with provincial objects
48
who attended the Charlottetown conference?
- Nova Scotia
- PEI
- New Brunswick
- Canada (Ontario and Quebec)
49
Who attended the Quebec Conference?
- province of Canada (Ontario and Quebec)
| - all of the maritime colonies including newfoundland
50
Who attended the London (England) Conference?
- province of Canada
- Nova Scotia
- New Brunswick
51
What is federation
A federal union in which members keep certain powers themselves give certain powers to a central government
52
Clear grit
So called because a brace person has grits
53
Canadas
The collective name for upper and lower Canada
54
Responsible government
Government that is responsible to the people
55
Constitution
The laws that set forth the powers and responsibilities of the government and guarantee the rights of the people
56
Rep by pop
The number of elected members of the legislative assembly based on the number of votes
57
Federal union
A political union in which the members have certain powers over their own affairs and certain powers are turned over to a central government
58
Intercontinental railway
A railway that joins various colonies
59
Free trade
Trade between countries where taxes and tariffs are not involved
60
Tariffs
A tax paid on goods brought into a country or colony
61
Resolutions
A list of guidelines or rules that are to be followed as a basis for ruling a group of people
62
La survivance
The cultural survival especially of the French language and culture and of the Roman Catholic Religion
63
Subsidies
A loan of money that the government contributes or sets aside for a given year's budget
64
Provincial rights
The powers maintained by the provincial governments usually involving cultural social and local issues
65
Lobby
To represent a special interest to the government. A lobbyist tries to get the lawmakers to introduce or vote for measures favourable to the lobbyists special interests
66
```
Who:
Attended midland business school
15 became a lawyer
19 own law office
21 called up to Law Society of Upper Canada
Wrote 50 of the 72 resolutions
```
MacDonald
67
Who was born January 11th 1815 in merchant city United Kingdom
Came to Canada in 182? Arriving in Kingston
MacDonald
68
What was MacDonald's political party and was he for or against confederation? Why?
- leader of Conservative party
- first prime minister of upper Canada
- for confederation: wanted a strong central, unitary government
69
Who: only supporter of confederation in Nova Scotia
- vision of centralized federal union
- helped build railway network
- brought up the Free School Act
Tupper
70
Who was born July 2 1821 in Nova Scotia
| Was the shortest serving Prime Minister
Tupper
71
Was Tupper for or against confederation what party was he with
- apart of Conservative party
| - for confederation believes it would boost Nova Scotia's commercial sector and provide the colony a greater influence
72
Who:
- remarried twice and had three kids
- strong supporter of intercolonial railway and responsible government
Tilley
73
Who was born in Gagetown New Brunswick on May 8th 1818
Tilley
74
Did tilley support confederation? Why? What party?
- liberal conservative
- for confederation: create a sturdy central government and provide financial benefits
- twice lieutenant governor of New Brunswick
75
Who:
- married his sister in law
- wanted pro-development, subsides for businesses
Galt
76
Who was born in Chelsea England?
Galt
77
Was galt for or against confederation and what party did he belong to?
- Conservative party
| - give businesses better chance for survival,end political structure and give Quebec and Ontario separate legislatures
78
Who: moved to Toronto from the us
- started two newspapers
- newspaper=independent reformer in the assembly
- fought for reform won over clear grit
Brown
79
What party was brown apart of? Was he for or against confederation?
- independent reformer than part of clear grit party
| - for confederation: wanted union, brown joined rivals
80
Who:
- leader of Canada east for a short time
- attorney general of Canada East
- sat in House of Commons
- briefly minister of justice
- named Chief Justice
Dorion
81
Was Dorian for or against confederation? And what party?
- le parti rouge
- against confederation: provinces lose all powers
- a judge, politician, lawyer
82
Who
- originally focused on Irish self-determination
- tried to lead revolutions for the Irish
- was assassinated
McGee
83
What party was McGee with? Did he support confederation?
- reform government of George brown and MacDonald
- became liberal-conservative
- wanted Canada to become a nucleus of a nation
84
Who:
- made novascotian a leading provincial newspaper
- charged with criminal libel
- began Nova Scotia railway
- primer and imperial fishery commissioner under Reciprocity Treaty
Howe
85
What was Howes political party and was he for or against confederation?
- conservative reformer
- entered coalition with the Tories
- against Confederation: against popular consent, conflicted with plans for organized British Empire
86
Who:
- apprenticed Joseph Howe in printing office
- became editor to three newspapers
- progressive agenda
- accepted office of Queens Printer then lost by-election
Whelan
87
What party was whelan apart of? Did he support confederation?
- member of liberal party
| - for confederation: colonial office would no longer be intermeddling etc.
88
Who:
- fought in the rebellions of 1837
- moved to Montreal and served co-premier with MacDonald
- brought in that Ottawa would be good for a capital
- inspired intercolonial railway
- played a role in securing Ruperts land
-Cartier
89
Was Cartier for or against confederation? And what party?
- brought to cabinet as liberal reformer
- member of le Parti bleu
- led a case for a federation of provinces
90
What decisions were made at the Charlottetown conference?
- work toward confederation of all BNA colonies
| - havesecond meeting
91
What was the conference before Charlottetown's purpose?
For all of the maritimes to discuss the possibility of confederation
92
What decisions were made during the Quebec conference?
- 72-Resolutions
| - new country would be formed and structured
93
What decisions were made during the London England conference?
- New Brunswick got assurances a railway would get built
- provincial government subsidies
- passing of the 72-resolutions
- BNA Act was passed (July 1st 1867)
94
What argument did MacDonald Cartier and Brown use to try to convince the maritimes to join?
Build a railway from Atlantic to Pacific
| Stronger economically together
95
During the Quebec conference was responsibility does Cartier have to take?
Speak on behalf of the French
96
What problem did PEI want to resolve at the conference?
Wanted Canadians to help them buy out absentee land owners
97
What three things came to an agreement during the Quebec conference?
1) rep by pop
2) division of power between provincial and federal government
3) peace order and government
98
In the Canadian government who represents the monarch?
The Governor General
99
What are the representitives from each province called in the House of Commons?
Members of parliament
100
Who makes up the senate and what does it stand for?
Senate meant to represent regional interests
| The are members for life
101
What does the legislative Branch do?
-makes laws
| Votes on taxes
102
What does the Cabinet do?
- debate policy
| - take suggestions to governor
103
What does the executive branch do?
- policy makers
- approve proposed legislation
- advise the governor
- makes up the cabinet
104
What does the Judicial Branch do?
- interpret laws
| - carry out justice
105
Who supported rep by pop
MacDonald and brown
106
Who made up the coalition
Brown, MacDonald, Cartier
107
What is annexation?
To join another existing state in order to benefit their current situation
108
What idea came from Montreal merchants at the end of mercantilism?
Annexation
109
Who supported annexation?
Lower Canada, merchant class
110
Why did the Canadiens and Canadians not want annexation?
No protection (French), loyalists (ties with Britain), Baldwin opposed
111
Why did the Canadien merchants want reciprocity and why didn't the Americans want reciprocity?
Canadien- needed market to make up for losses obtained because of Britain's new free trade policy
Americans- goods made in Britain could be made for cheaper than in goods in the US
112
Who agreed to the Reciprocity Treaty?
Lord Elgin
113
What conditions in Europe and the US created markets goods for BNA?
- began building ships
- needed lumber (larger population)
- war required exports to keep soldiers fed and supplied
