Conference #1

Question 1

Leading cause of death in the US and worldwide

Answer 1

Cardiovascular Disease

Question 2

Personal medical history - unchangeable or changeable risk factor?

Answer 2

Unchangeable

Question 3

Hypertension, cholesterol - unchangeable or changeable risk factor?

Answer 3

Changeable

Question 4

Two types of heart murmurs:

Answer 4

• physiological (may disappear if what is causing them disappears also)
• organic (caused by underlying valvular disease or congenital abnormality)

Question 5

Leaking Mitral Valve

Answer 5

Mitral Valve Regurgitation

Question 6

No death of myocytes is a feature seen in:

Answer 6

Angina Pectoris

Question 7

Nitroglycerin is given for:

Answer 7

drug used to relax (dilate) the veins for Angina Pectoris

Question 8

Test that uses dye and radiography to show the blood flow on the coronary arteries (catheterization)

Answer 8

Coronary angiography

Question 9

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) = ?

Answer 9

Angioplasty (a stent to repair or unblock a blood vessel, especially a coronary artery)

Question 10

Most common type of open-heart surgery

Answer 10

Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Question 11

Two methods to do Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting:

Answer 11

1) Traditional: chest bone is opened; heart is stopped

2) Minimally invasive: chest bone isn’t opened

Question 12

Chest pains that are more frequent and severe

Answer 12

Unstable Angina

Question 13

Cardiac biomarkers are not elevated in:

Answer 13

Unstable Angina

Question 14

In unstable angina, we have occlusion due to:

Answer 14

lumen damage

Question 15

Lab tests of this condition show presence of troponin

Answer 15

Myocardial Infarction

Question 16

Sudden tightening of the muscles within the arteries of your heart

Answer 16

Coronary Artery Spasms

Question 17

Coronary Artery Spasms may be related to:

Answer 17

Cocaine usage, emotional stress/pain, exposure to extreme cold, smoking cigarettes, younger patients

Question 18

Most common cause of right-sided heart failure?

Answer 18

Left-sided heart failure

Question 19

Right-sided heart failure symptoms:

Answer 19

Edema, jugular vein distension, renal congestion, pulmonary hypertension

Question 20

Most common cause of left-sided heart failure?

Answer 20

Hypertension

Question 21

Left-sided heart failure - Systolic?

Answer 21

pump failure; insufficient ejection fraction

Question 22

Left-sided heart failure - Diastolic?

Answer 22

abnormally stiff ventricles (can’t relax during diastole)

Question 23

Most common type of arrhythmia

Answer 23

A-fib

Question 24

Increased risk for stroke is seen in:

Answer 24

A-fib

Question 25

Blood thinners are indicated in patients with:

Answer 25

A-fib

Question 26

Allows for the blood flow to slow down, which increases the risk of clotting:

Answer 26

A-fib

Question 27

Small electrical device implanted to the body to regulate the heartbeat; placed under the skin near the collarbone

Answer 27

Pacemaker

Question 28

What is the number one etiology for triple A aneurism?

Answer 28

Smoking

Question 29

If the aortic valve needs to be replaced and he goes to the dentist, what do we need to prescribe?

Answer 29

Antibiotic prophylaxis

Question 30

Inflammation of vessel walls is called:

Answer 30

vasculitis

Question 31

Inflammation of the arteries of the head, like vertebral and ophthalmic arteries, is associated with what disease?

Answer 31

Giant-cell arteritis (GCA)

Question 32

Buerger Disease occurs as a consequence for:

Answer 32

``` heavy smokers (ex/ King George) *he had extreme pain on leg and couldn't walk ```

Question 33

How can we detect Buerger Disease?

Answer 33

Allen test | half of hand is red, other half is normal

Question 34

Most common form of cyanotic congenital heart disease:

Answer 34

Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 35

Tetralogy of Fallot presents with what?

Answer 35

- Large ventricular septal defect | - Right ventricular hypertrophy

Question 36

With pulmonary embolism, what are some important signs we see:

Answer 36

- Tachypnea - Fever over 100 - Heart rate over 100 - Hypotension (sometimes)

Question 37

Associated with asbestos

Answer 37

Mesothelioma