Conflict and tension 1894-1918 TIMELINE Flashcards
(23 cards)
What happens in 1918?
March- The treaty of Brest-Litovsk ends Russia’s involvement in the war.
March- The Ludendorff spring offensive begins
August- The allied counterattack ( The hundred days) begins
November- The German kaiser abdicates and On 11th November at 11am, the armistice is signed
What happens in 1882?
Italy joins germany and Austria- Hungary to form the triple alliance.
What happens in 1905-06
The first moroccan crisis
What happens in 1907
Britain, France and Russia form the triple Entente
1908-9
The Balkan Crisis
1911
The second Morocco crisis
1912-13
The Balkan wars
June 1914
The assassination of Franz Ferdinand
What were the following events after the assassination in 1914?
July- Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
August- Germany, France, Russia and Britain join the conflict
September- The Battle of the Marne
February 1915
The gallipoli campaign begins
What were the events of 1916?
February- The battle of Verdun begins
May- The battle of Jutland
July- The battle of Somme begins
September- First use of the tank
What were the events of 1917?
April- The USA joins the war on the side of the allies
July- The battle of Passchendaele begins
November- Revolution brings the Bolsheviks to power in Russia
When were tanks first used?
In 1916 by the British, however they were soon adopted by the french.
Definition of “war of attrition”
Wearing down the enemy over time, occasionally breaking through their defense line and gaining ground over their land.
How was the enemy attacked?
-Large artillery guns with long range would fire at advancing troops. This would also weaken the trenches and destroy their barbed wire.
-Machine guns posts were positioned around the support trenches.
-Troops would climb over the top with guns and grenades, advancing across No mans land towards the enemy trenches.
-The troops that made it to the enemy frontline would jump into the empty trenches and fought anyone who had survived the bombing.
What was the Schlieffen plan and why was it formed?
-It was Germanys plan to deal with a “war on both fronts” against Russia and France.
- Russia and France had signed a deal in 1892 to help eachother out if they were attacked. If Germany started a war on one, would be starting a war on the other and be sandwiched between the two countries = bad.
Who created the Schlieffen plan?
General Count Alfred Von Schlieffen, who became head of Germanys army in 1891.
What was the layout of the Schlieffen plan?
-Germany would attack France first by tricking them and outflanking them, reaching it by going through neutral countries such as Belgium and Luxembourg to catch them off guard.
-They would defeat France just in an estimate of 40 days, go back and attack Russia, defeating them both without fighting them at the same time, and being sandwiched within the two.
What were the problems of the Schliffen plan?
-Schliffen assumed russia would take at least 6 weeks to prepare its army, if Russia got its army ready earlier; it would cause a War on both fronts. If France took longer than 6 weeks, it would also lead to the same consequence.
-The british had a 75-year old treaty with Belgium to protect them. If they followed through with this then Germany would also be fighting a war against Britain.
- Made a war on two fronts more likely, as it guaranteed France being attacked and it to become a large scale conflict.
How was the Schlieffen plan changed and who by?
In 1906 it was changed by General Von Moltke in order to reduce the risk of it going wrong. He reduced the number of troops and cut advancing through the Netherlands.
When did the Schlieffen plan get launched?
August 1914
Why did the Schlieffen plan fail
- Belgium gave alot of resistance especially at Liege.
-The british honored their treaty with Belgium and sent the British Expeditionary force which delayed the German advance.
-That August was hot and exhausted the troops and supplies.
-The Russian army were ready in 10 days, so Germany had to transfer 100,000 soldiers to the East, engaging in a War on two fronts.
