Conflict Zones Test

Question 1

A state Arabs hoped to create

Answer 1

Palestine

Question 2

Jewish nationalism, the idea that Jews should return to their ancient homeland of Israel

Answer 2

Zionism

Question 3

The idea of dividing Israel up such that one state would be Jewish and the other Arab

Answer 3

Two state solution

Question 4

On May 14, as Britain ended its Palestine mandate, and Israel declared itself an independent state. Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, and Iraq attacked but were poorly trained so Israel won

Answer 4

1948 War

Question 5

Canal that connects the mediterranean and the red sea and is an important trade rout. Nasser seized it in 1956 from Britain and France, but eventually Egypt was forced to withdraw

Answer 5

Suez Canal

Question 6

Ruler of Egypt who seized Suez canal and sparked the second Arab-Israeli war

Answer 6

Nasser

Question 7

sparked by the seizure of the Suez canal, the British and French united with the Israeli to invade the Sinai peninsula. Opposition from other nations, including the US forced Egypt to withdraw from the canal

Answer 7

1956 War

Question 8

the third Arab-Israeli war, in 1967, which resulted in a quick Israeli victory and a major expansion of territory

Answer 8

Six Day War

Question 9

Arab forces decided to attack on the holiest day of the Jewish calendar, they caught the Israelis off guard and pushed their territory inward but Israel fought back and regained territory. A UN ceasefire finally stopped the fight

Answer 9

Yom Kippur War

Question 10

he was the new president of Egypt and was determined to restore Egypt’s power and prestige and so hestarted the Yom Kippur war.

Answer 10

Anwar Sadat

Question 11

a 1978 peace agreement between Egypt and Israel in which Israel returned land to Egypt and Egypt recognized Israel’s right to exist

Answer 11

Camp David

Question 12

Called PLO it was established in 1964 to represent Palestinian interests, and pledged to destroy Israel. In 1993 it agreed to peace

Answer 12

Palestine Liberation Organization

Question 13

Led the PLO, which in turn led acts of terrorism in Israel

Answer 13

Yasir Arafat

Question 14

Palestinians in the west bank and Gaza held strikes and demonstrations to protest Israeli policy. The PLO helped organize the uprisings

Answer 14

Intifada

Question 15

the agreement signed in 1993 in which the PLO recognized Israel, and Israel granted Palestine self rule in parts of west bank and Gaza

Answer 15

Oslo Accords

Question 16

the governing authority for Palestinian self-rule

Answer 16

Palestinian Authority

Question 17

A Palestinian terrorist group that launched terrorist attacks on Israel

Answer 17

Hamas

Question 18

In fall of 2000, the violence sparked by the Hamas increased. Israel constructed a barrier wall to prevent terrorists from entering easily in response

Answer 18

Second Intifada

Question 19

Israelis continued to build permanent settlements in West Bank which further angered Palestinians

Answer 19

Settlements

Question 20

the demand that Palestinian refugees and their descendants be allowed to return to land in Israel

Answer 20

“Right of Return”

Question 21

east strip of land bordering Israel, Egypt, and the Mediterranean sea that is disputed but under Israeli control

Answer 21

Gaza Strip

Question 22

region north-west of Israel that is Israeli occupied

Answer 22

Golan heights

Question 23

Western mountainous region under Israeli control but still disputed

Answer 23

West Bank

Question 24

Explain the historic claims of both Jews and Palestinians to the area of the eastern Mediterranean

Answer 24

Each group considered the land its ancestral home. Zionism, the movement for Jews to return to their ancient homeland, began. Shocked by the holocaust, many nations backed the Idea. But the Arabs also had historical rights to the land and were angered by this.

Question 25

Explain more historically recent reasons many nations backed the idea of a country for and run by Jews

Answer 25

After the Holocaust, the whole world was in shock which caused a lot of support for Zionism

Question 26

Why might Jews initially have been upset with the land allocated for them by the UN Plan?

Answer 26

The states were very small and fragmented. On top of that, over half the land was dry, arid desert. Plus, their state was being reduced after almost all of the Palestine mandate had been closed to them which they felt unfair

Question 27

How did the 1948 War exacerbate (make worse) the continuing disagreement over Israel/Palestine?

Answer 27

Over 700,000 Palestinians fled to nearby countries, saying they had been forced off the land, but the Israelis said it was completely voluntary and refused to allow them back in. After the war, both sides held, tensions with the Arabs refusing Israeli's right to exist and the Israeli being on guard for attacks

Question 28

When looking over the multiple wars/periods of major conflict between Israel and Palestinians (and/or supporting nations), have these seemed to help or hinder the fundamental demands of the Palestinians?

Answer 28

In the 1948 war, the Palestinians lost because they were poorly trained and over 70,000 Arabs were prevented from returning to Israel. After Egypt sized the Suez canal, Britain, France, and Israel eventually won it back. In the Six-Day war, there was a quick Israeli victory and they won a lot of land. The Arabs attacked Israel on the holiest day of their calendar in order to catch them off guard in the Yom Kipper war but Israel won the territory back. So, the Palestinians' demand for their own territory and state was hindered by the wars

Question 29

List the five key issues that hinder a lasting peace agreement between Palestinians and Israel.

Answer 29

1. the land is religiously important to both Palestinians and Israeli 2. The land in the two-state solution" was not divided fairly 3. After the holocaust the world was shocked into supporting Zionism 4. Palestinians didn't believe that Israel had the right to exist 5. Israel prevented Arabs from living there by displacing settlements and not allowing refugees back in

Question 30

Don't make the mistake of thinking that either Jews in the Middle East (and beyond) OR Arabs in the Middle East (and beyond) are all in agreement about these outcomes or future solutions. Just like any other group/nation, there is intense disagreement within Israel and within Arab and/or Palestinian nations/communities. What are some examples you can find in this reading of disagreement over strategies and goals within each "side"?

Answer 30

In any disagreement, there will also be dispute within each side. They may all want a similar goal, but the extent of that goal and the means of getting might not be as uniform. From the reading, I did not find very many examples, but what I did find was a few times when a nation got a new ruler who had a different strategy or goal.

Question 31

Heavily disputed area that wasn’t given to either side in the partition (in the conflict between India and Pakistan)

Answer 31

Kashmir

Question 32

The southernmost of the three regions in Kashmir which is under Indian control

Answer 32

Jammu

Question 33

the contested border that is often fired across in the conflict between India and Pakistan

Answer 33

Line of Control

Question 34

Part of the Indian constitution and removing it would remove the special status of Jammu and Kashmir

Answer 34

Article 370