CONFRONTATION BETWEEN THE SUPERPOWERS

Question 1

• WHAT WAS THE MONROE DOCTRINE AND WHEN WAS IT CREATED?

Answer 1

• 1823
• A US FOREIGN POLICY STATEMENT THAT DECLARED THAT ANY ATTEMPTS TO INTERFERE IN LATIN AMERICA WOULD BE MET WITH FORCE DUE TO THE FACT THAT IT WAS SEEN AS THE US’ BACK GARDEN

Question 2

WHEN AND WHAT HAPPENED DURING THE CUBAN REVOLUTION

Answer 2

1959
IN 1959, CUBA HAD A SUCCESSFUL COMMUNIST REVOLUTION LED BY FIDEL CASTRO

Question 3

-WHAT WAS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE US AND CUBA LIKE?

Answer 3

• THEIR RELATIONSHIP BROKE DOWN AND THE CIA TRIED TO OVERTHROW CASTRO
  -CUBA ASKED THE USSR FOR MILITARY SUPPORT AND ECONOMIC AID
• CASTRO HAD RADICAL SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC POLICIES THAT CONTRADICTED THE IUS’
• CASTRO WENT TO THE US IN 1959 BUT EISENHOWER REFUSED TO SEE HIM

Question 4

• WHAT ACTIONS DID THE US TAKE AGAINST CUBA?

Answer 4

• 1959, CASTRO INTRODUCED AGRICULTURAL REFORMS THAT LED TO AMERICAN OWNED PROPERTY BEING SEIZED BY THE STATE
  -BY 1960 THE USSR HAD GIVEN CASTRO 100 MILLION TO STRENGTHEN THEIR BOND
• THE FIRST SHIPMENT OF CRUDE OIL FROM THE USSR ARRIVED IN 1960 AND WHEN US- OWNED OIIL COMPANIES REFUSED TO REFINE IT CASTRO NATIONALISED THEM
• THE US RESPONDED. BY REDUCING THEIR IMPORTS OF CUBAN SUGAR BY BY 95% AND IN RESPONSE CUBA TOOK 1 BILLION WORTH OF US ASSETS

Question 6

-WHEN DOES JFK BECOME PRESIDENT?

Answer 6

• JFK REPLACES EISENHOWER AS PRESIDENT IN 1961

Question 7

-WHAT WAS THE USSR’S VIEW OF CUBA?

Answer 7

• SAW THE 1959 CUBAN REVOLUTION AS AN OPPORTUNITY FOR A NEW POWERFUL ALLY?

Question 8

-WHEN AND WAHT WAS THE BAY OF PIGS?

Answer 8

-1961
- THE BAY OF PIGS WAS PLANNED DURING BEISENHOWERS ADMINISTRATION
- HE WANTED TRON CIA TO PLAN A COVERT OPERATION USING ANTI-CASTRO CUBANS TO OVERTHROW CASTRO

• JFK INHERITED THIS PLAN AND TRAINED 1,500 CUBAN EXILES TOM LAND ON CUBA AND CARRY OUT A COUP TO OVERTHROW CUBA
• THE CUBAN EXILES WERE OUTNUMBERED AND OVERTHROWN WHICH WAS VERY EMBARRASSING FOR KENNEDY

Question 9

• WHEN AND WHAT WAS OPERATION MONGOOSE?

Answer 9

-1961
- KENNEDY’S AIM WAS TO OVERTHROW CASTRO THROUGH COVERT OPERATIONS WITH CUBA TO DESTABILISE THE REGIME
- THE US ALSO BEGAN MAKING MILITARY MANOEUVRES IN THE CARIBBEAN SUGGESTINGB THAT THEY WERE GOING TO INVADE CUBA
- IN RESPONSE CASTRO ASKED THE USSR FOR AID WHICH THE GAVE THROUGH MILITARY WEAPONS

Question 10

• WHY DID KRUSHCHEV HELP CUBA?

Answer 10

• IT WOULD BE ADVANTAGEOUS TO HAVE NUCLEAR WEAPONRY STATIONED IN CUBA AS IKTS CLOSE TO AMERICA
  -WANTED TO SUPPORT A SIMILAR MINDED COMMUNIST STATE
• LOOKS GOOD TO SUPPORT THEM ON A GLOBAL STAGE AND PROVE TO CHINA THAT BTHE USSR WAS THE FACE OF COMMUNISM
  -NEEDED A VICTORY AFTER THE BERLIN WALL
• THE US HAD PLACED MISSILES IN TURKEY POINTEDNESS DIRECTLY AT THE USSR

Question 13

• WHAT OCCURED DURING THE 13 DAYS OF THE CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS?

Answer 13

• THE USSR ATTEMPTED TO PLACE THE MISSILES IN CUBA IN SECRET HOWEVER A U-2 SPY PLANE CONFIRMED THEIR PRESENCE
  -ON OCTOBER 16 KENNEDY MET WITH EXCOMM WHOS JOB WAS TO HELP WITH POLICY OPTIONS AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES
  -22 OCTOBER, KENNEDY ADDRESSES THE AMERICAN PUBLIC PUBLIC TO SAY THAT HE HAS PLACED A NAVAL BLOCKADE AROUND CUBA AND SAID THAT ANY SHIPS. THAT APPROACHED WOULD BE TURNED AROUND
  -US BASES WERE PUT ON MAXIMUM ALERT TO PREPARE FOR THE POSSIBILITY OF WAR

Question 14

• HOW DID THE SOVIETS RESPOND TO THE NAVAL BLOCKADE?

Answer 14

-KRUSHCHEV CALLED IT AN ‘ACT OF AGGRESSION THAT PUSHED MANKIND TOWARDS NUCLEAR WAR’
-SOVIET SHIPS THAT REACHED THE QUARANTINE LINE STOPPED OR TURNED AROUND
-26 OCTOBER KHRUSHCHEV OFFERED TO REMOVE SOVIET MILITARY FROM CUBA IF THE US WOULD PROMISE NOT TO INVADE THE USSR
- CASTRO ORDER ANTI-AIRCRAFT MISSILES TO BE DEPLOYED ON PLANES
-27 OCTOBER, KHRUSHCHEV DEMANDS THAT US MISSILES ARE REMOVED FROM TURKEY, KENNEDY AGREESS TO THIS BUT KEEPS IT SECRET SO HE ISN’T CONDEMNED BY NATO AND 28 OCTOBER KHRUSHCHEV AGREES TO REMOVE TROOPS FROM CUBA
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Question 15

• WHY WAS THE CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS SIGNIFICANT?

Answer 15

1963- A HOTLINE WAS SET UP BETWEEN THE US AND USSR TO ENSURE THAT THWY COULD HAVE CLEAR AND OPEN COMMUNICATION
1963- MOSCOW TEST BAN TREATY-BANNED THE TESTING OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS IN THE ATMOSDPHERE,SEA AND SPACE
-KHRUSHCHEV CAME OUT OF THE CRISIS LOOKING WEAK AND LIKE HE HAD SUBMITTED TO THE US ALTHOUGH A SUCCESSFUL AS COMMUNISM IN CUBA WAS PROTECTED AND US POLICY OF CONTAINMENT HAD FAILED