Confusion

Question 1

what are the 2 types of confusion

Answer 1

chronic and acute

Question 2

what is dementia characterized by

Answer 2

impairment in 2 or more intellectual or cognitive functions

Question 3

how many pts over 65 in the community have dementia

Answer 3

10-50%

Question 4

how many pts in nursing home have dementia

Answer 4

over 50%

Question 5

What is the D in dementias mnenomic

Answer 5

drugs

Question 6

what are teh Es in dementias mnemoic

Answer 6

emotional and endocrine disease

Question 7

what is the M in dementias

Answer 7

metabolic

Question 8

what is the N in dementias

Answer 8

nutritional and degenerative neurlogic

Question 9

what is the T in dementias

Answer 9

trauma, tumor

Question 10

what is the I in dementias

Answer 10

ischemia, infection

Question 11

what is the A in dementias

Answer 11

anoxia, anemia, arrhythmia

Question 12

what is the S in dementias

Answer 12

sjorgens, social, sensory and spiritual deprivation

Question 13

what percentage of people with cognitive dysfunction have reversible cause

Answer 13

3%

Question 14

what 4 diseases account for greater than 90% cases of dementia

Answer 14

Alzheimers
Diffuse Lew body
Vascular
Frontotemporal

Question 15

Agnosia

Answer 15

difficulity recognizing things

Question 16

Apraxia

Answer 16

inability to carry ou tmotor functions

Question 17

Aphasia

Answer 17

difficulity naming familiar items

Question 18

what are pathologic hallmarks of alzhemiers

Answer 18

neurtiic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles

Question 19

Lew bodies

Answer 19

intraneuronal inclusions tha tcontain alpha synuclein, phosphorylated neurofilament protesin and ubiquitin

Question 20

what are core clinical features of diffuse lew body dementia

Answer 20

dementia
fluctuating cognition
recurrent visual hallucinations
motor features of Parkinsons

Question 21

what do patients with vascular dementia present with

Answer 21

stepwise deterioration

Question 22

what is vascular dementia caused by

Answer 22

decreased blood flow to brain with significant enough brain damage to cause impairment

Question 23

what are frontotemporal dementias

Answer 23

heterogenous group of disorder that are less common than the other 3

Question 24

what is the most common FTD

Answer 24

Pick’s disease

Question 25

what do you find in Pick's disease

Answer 25

focal atrophy of frontal and tehemporal lobes along with microscopic findings of argyrophilic inclusions and swollen achromatic neurons

Question 26

what are clinical symptoms of frontotemporal dementia

Answer 26

poor personal hygiene lack of social tact hypersexuality

Question 27

what does progressive supranuclear palsy present as

Answer 27

``` apathy frequent falls axial rigity slowing of movement dysphagia ```

Question 28

where is the bulk of neuropathology in PSP found

Answer 28

substantia nigra globus pallidus dorsal midbrain

Question 29

what is the major pathologic finding of PSP

Answer 29

abnoramlly phosphorylated tau proteins

Question 30

what is CBD

Answer 30

focal degernative disease where teh pathology is localized to 1 parietal lobe

Question 31

what does pt with CBD present with

Answer 31

alien hand, apraxia, and/or profound visuconstrictive problems