Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Spring Cardiac Theory > Congenital > Flashcards

Congenital Flashcards

(77 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is SINUS OF VALSALVA ANUERYSM?

A

aneurysm of one of the sinus’, appears as a thin dilated area that projects into adjacent cardiac structures often with a fistula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Draw out what a SINUS OF VALSALVA ANEURYSM would look like & in the view you would see it in

A

PSSAX AV

NCC - into RA
LCC - into LA
RCC - into RV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a CORONARY AV FISTULA?

A

rare congenital anomaly where there is an abnormal communication from coronary artery to coronary sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When does a CORONARY AV FISTULA present?

A

in young adults as continuous murmur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is seen on ECHO of a CORONARY AV FISTULA?

A
  1. receiving vessel/chamber & proximal coronary artery may be dilated
  2. may see echolucent entro site
  3. may see abnormal color flow into vessel/chamber
  4. may see disturbed color flow in fistula
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is EBSTEIN ANOMALY?

A

one (usually septal) or more of the TV leaflets are adhered to RV endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Draw out what EBSTEIN ANOMALY would look like

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define LEVOCARDIA

A

apex towards left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define DEXTROCARDIA

A

apex towards right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define SITUS SOLITUS

A

normal position of thoracic and abdm organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define SITUS INVERSUS

A

organs of chest and abdm are arranged in a perfect mirror image reversal of the normal position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define & Draw out NORMAL POSITION SITUS SOLITUS

A

normal position of thoracic and abdm organs with apex to left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define & Draw out SITUS INVERSUS WITH DEXTROCARDIA

A

organs of chest and abdm switched with apex to right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define & Draw out SITUS SOLITUS WITH DEXTROCARDIA

A

normal position of thoracic and abdm organs BUT apex to right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define & Draw out SITUS INVERSUS WITH LEVOCARDIA

A

organs of chest & abdm switched BUT apex to left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the FIRST and SECOND most common congenital defect in adults?

A
  1. bicuspid AV
  2. ASD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the types of ASDS?

A
  1. secundum
  2. primum
  3. sinus venosus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a SECUNDUM ASD and DRAW it out

A

defect at the central section of IAS at fossa ovalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Name a type of SECUNDUM

A

patent foramen ovale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a PFO and DRAW it out

A

lesser form of ASD and it’s failure of the foramen ovale to close

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a PRIMUM ASD and DRAW it out

A

ASD inferior to secundum, located near atrioventricular connection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a SINUS VENOSUS?

A

defect at the base of LA, superior and posterior near junction of SVC and RA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

A Sinus Venosus may be associated with what?

A
  1. PAPVR (partial anomalous pulmonary venous return)
  2. TAPVR
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the most common form of ASD and what is it associated with?

A

-secundum
-MVP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
PRIMUM ASD is associated with what abnormalities?
abnormalities of the atrioventricular valves like: 1. AV canal defect 2. cleft (divided) AMVL
26
What are the ECHO FINDINGS for ASDs?
1. color jet across atrial septum into RA 2. RAE, RVE,PSM due to increased volumes 3. L - R shunt bc LA pressure > RA 4. may have IAS aneurysm 5. "T" artifact in apical
27
What are DOPPLER FINDINGS for ASDs?
- PW location, CW velocity, Qp/Qs severity - low velocity flow; slightly faster in diastole due to pressure
28
What are the TYPES of VSDs and WHERE are they located?
1.membranous/perimembranous - membranous septum 2. muscular/trabecular- any location in the muscular portion of the septum 3. inlet - below AV between TV and MV annulus 4. supracristal/outlet - RVOT portion of septum
29
What are the ECHO FINDINGS for VSDs?
1. LAE, hyperdynamic LV or LVE due to LV volume overload 2. color jet LV to RV 3. PISA may be seen on left side of IVS if signif.
30
What can lead to PHTN in regards to VSDs?
large shunts
31
What ECHO findings would you suspect if there is PHTN in VSDs?
RVH, RVE & subsequent Eisenmenger (R-L)
32
DRAW OUT a view you see MEMBRANOUS VSD?
33
DRAW OUT a view you see MUSCULAR/TRABECULAR VSD?
34
DRAW OUT a view you see INLET VSD?
35
DRAW OUT a view you see SUPRACRISTAL/OUTLET VSD?
36
What are you doing in terms of DOPPLER for VSDS?
- PW for location - CW for velocity - high velocity in systole (5-6m/s) - brief flow reversal less likely so saline not used - color doppler is highly sensitive to signif VSDs - QpQs not needed in adults
37
What is the expected velocity in VSDs?
high velocity flow (~5m/sec) during systole due to high LV systolic pressures
38
what is the most COMMON type of VSD?
perimembranous
39
what ABNORMALITY is common with perimembranous VSD?
AI
40
what is the SECOND most COMMON VSD?
muscular/trabecular
41
what is OUTLET/SUPRACRISTAL VSD associated with?
60-70% have RCC prolapse
42
What is a PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS?
fetal communication between descending aorta and pulmonary artery that remains open after birth
43
DRAW out what a PDA would look like
44
What are the ECHO FINDINGS for PDA?
1. LAE and LVE due to chronic overload 2. color flow shows red jet towards transducer in diastole in the PA 3. flow and murmur are continuous
45
What are the DOPPLER FINDINGS for PDA?
1. CW Doppler looks like PI due to normal antegrade flow through PV 2. PW in DA shows holodiastolic flow reversal similar to severe AI 3. shunt ratio can determine severity
46
What is PAPVR? And what may it be associated with?
- when one or more PV drain into RA or SVC or IVC - sinus venosus ASD
47
What is AV CANAL DEFECT? DRAW it out
consists of large inlet VSD which may extend to atrial septum creating ASD and one large atrioventricular valve
48
AV Canal Defect is most seen in?
down syndrome
49
AV Canal Defect may be associated with what?
1. primum 2. malformation of atrioventricular valves
50
What is an AORTIC COARCTATION?
narrowing of the descending thoracic aorta
51
DRAW out how a DOPPLER of COARCTATION would appear on SSN
52
DRAW out how a DOPPLER of COARCTATION would appear on ABDM AO
53
What would show in SSN DOPPLER OF COARCTATION?
high velocity systolic flow (> 1m/sec) with persistent antegrade diastolic flow "sawtooth"
54
What would show in ABDM AO DOPPLER OF COARCTATION?
dampened systolic velocities (~60cm/s) with gradual upstrokes and diastolic continuation
55
Aortic Coarctation is often associated with what?
bicuspid AV
56
What is EISENMENGERS?
a R to L shunt in result of large shunt causing PHT to cause R pressures to exceed L pressures
57
DRAW out how EISENMENGERS would appear
right to left shunt
58
What is TETRALOGY OF FALLOT?
VSD, PS, RVH and override aorta
59
What does CCTGA stand for?
congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries
60
What is CCTGA also known as?
L-transposition/ventricular inversion
61
What is L-TRANSPOSITION/CCTGA?
ventricular inversion where only the ventricles have switched places
62
With L-transposition The RV with TV serves as what? The LV with MV serves as what?
- systemic ventricle - pulmonary ventricle
63
What makes L-transposition UNCOMPLICATED?
1. pathway of blood is normal 2. dx may be made incidentally in adulthood
64
What makes L-transposition COMPLICATED?
if associated with defects such as VSDs, PS, complete heart block and Ebstein
65
CCTGA can present with what?
dextrocardia
66
DRAW out what CCTGA would look like
67
What is TGA? and DRAW it out
transposition of the great arteries where Aorta originates from RV and PA from LV
68
TGA is also known as?
D- transposition
69
What occurs with PERSISTENT LEFT SVC?
- SVC drains into coronary sinus
70
What ECHO FINDING suggests PERSISTENT SVC?
dilated coronary sinus in PLAX
71
Where is the QP AND QS site for VSD?
Qp- RVOT Qs- LVOT
72
Where is the QP AND QS site for ASD?
Qp- RVOT Qs- LVOT
73
Where is the QP AND QS site for PDA?
Qp- LVOT Qs- RVOT
74
What is BORDERLINE for QpQs?
1.5 - < 2
75
What is SIGNIFICANT for QpQs?
> 2
76
what is ENDOCARDIAL CUSHION DEFECT?
abnormal chordal attachments; consists of large VSD which may extend to atrial septum creating ASD and create one large atrioventricular valve
77
Endocardial cushion defect is seen in what type of patients?
down syndome

Spring Cardiac Theory (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions