Congenital Abnormalities of The Heart Flashcards
(25 cards)
Dextrocardia
- heart on right side of chest on the left (isolation)
- possibly resulting from abnormal cardiac looping
- gastruation problem?
- can cause issues around pulmonary circulation
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
Ductus arteriosus = connecting structure on pulmonary trunk to aorta - hole to shunt blood
- should close after birth
- if not, high pressure blood from aorta to pulmonary artery
- mixing ox and detox blood
- increased heart work load
= pulmonary hypertension
= ventricular hypertrophy
= heart failure
How is the ductus arteriosus kept open, how treated if kept open?
By prostaglandins - don’t take ibeprofen at end of pregnancy
- prostaglandin inhibitors
- surgical implantation to close pathway
Atrial septal defect types
- primum ASD
- secundum ASD
Why do atrial septal defects form
Failure of septum premium and septum secundum to fuse at birth
- septum secundum hasn’t grown down low enough
- shortening of septum premium
What is a patent foreman ovale
- asymptomatic - failure to close septum
Premature closing of foreman ovale
- closes prenatal
== hypertrophy of right heart, underdevelopment of Left - death shortly after life
Secundum ASD
- caused by excessive apoptosis of septum premium
Or under development septum secundum = overlap of optimum secundum and foreman ovale - left to right shunting of blood
Asymptomatic - may have surgical repair if big
Common atrium meaning
Failure to develop atrial septum - primum and secundum
(Potential or be undiagnosed to 30 - years ago - sudden heart failure)
What is the most common heart defect
Ventricular septal defects:
- common in Downsyndrome, Edward’s
Types of VSD
- muscular - able to leave, hole will close as muscle grows
- membranous - more likely to have intervention to close space as growth stops at birth
Shunting direction of VSD
Left to right - left ventricle more powerful so higher pressure
What does VSD lead to?
- pulmonary hypertension, more blood
- RV hypertrophy as heart has to work harder
Spectating defects of trunchus arteriosus
Involves defects of the outflow tracts - neural crest cell defectits :
- persistent trunchus arteriosus
- transposition of the great vessels
- teratogenic of fallot
Involves defects of the outflow tracts - neural crest cell defectits :
- persistent trunchus arteriosus
- transposition of the great vessels
- teratogenic of fallout
Persistent trunchus arteriosus
- contrunchal septum completely absent - cannot fuse with intraventricular septum so also VSD
- cyanosis, lethargy, delayed growth, breathlessness
- contrunchal septum completely absent - cannot fuse with intraventricular septum so also VSD
- cyanosis, lethargy, delayed growth, breathlessness
What does PTA lead to in newborns if not corrected
Heart failure
What is transposition of great vessels
- no spiral in conotruncal septum - straight down
- so aorta from RV
- PA from LV
- incompatable with life
- can be fixed if have ASD (atrial septal defects) shunts open!! So sends some Oxy blood to body
Symptoms of persistent trunchus arteriosus
- cynosis
Teratogy of fallot 4 defects
4 abnormalities caused by same primary defect
- narrow pulmonary trunk = pulmonary stenosis
- As a result = right ventricular hypertrophy
- uneven division of outflow tracks = overriding aorta covering both ventricles = mixing blood
- VSD also caused from overriding aorta covering both ventricles - unable to connect
Symoroms of ToF
Cyanosis
Not fatal but poor circulation
Coarctation of the aorta is
Narrowing of the aorta
Near ductus arteriosus
Unknown cause
Preductal or postductal position
