Congenital Anomalies of Brain Flashcards
(23 cards)
Anencephaly
Failure of closure of anterior neuropore
brain will not form
meninges & skull may be absent
defect from lamina terminalis (site which demarcates anterior neuropore closure) to foramen magnum
absence of cranial vault: no cerebral hemispheres
lamina terminalis
(site which demarcates anterior neuropore closure)
CSF is produced where:
lateral ventricles
roots of 3rd ventricle
4th ventricle at choroid plexus
foramen of magenti
single, midline communicating between ventricular system & subarachnoid space (located roof of 4th ventricle)
foramen of luschka
paired, lateral to 4th ventricle
CSF path
percolates through subarachnoid space and reabsorbed into superior sagittal sinus through arachnoid villi
Obstructive Noncommuicating Hydrocephalus
involves stenosis/occlusion of cerebral aqueduct
blockage between 3rd and 4th ventricles
physical obstruction of CSF flow
Nonobstructive Communicating Hydrocephalus
problem with CSF reabsorption through arachnoid villi
Encephalocele Meningocele
meninges & CSF herniate
Encephalocele Meningoencephalocele
meninges, CSF, part of brain herniate
Encephalocele Meningohydroencephalocele
meninges, CSF, brain, and part of ventricular system
Where does encephalocele most often occur?
occipital region
Prosencephalization
divides into telencephalon and diencephalon
Alobar Brain
occurs if telencephalon doesnt divide into 2 cerebral hemispheres
Semilobar Brain
occurs when you start to get division of telencephalon, but it does not make it to completion
Holoprosencephaly
refers to failure of division of proscencephalon
Craniosynostosis
premature closure of skull sutures
Scaphocephaly
sagittal suture, boat skull
elongated head, protrusion of forehead, narrowing of temples
Plagiocephaly
premature closure of ONE SIDE of coronal suture; 2 kinds
Coronal Plagiocephaly
coronal suture on the side of head is closed
flattened forehead, elevation of eye socket on affected side, slanted skull
Lamboidal Plagiocephaly
early closure of lamboid suture
mild flattening of back of head on involved side
anterior displacement of ipsilateral auricle
Turricephaly
Tower-Head/Cone-Head
bilateral coronal or lamboidal sutures closed prematurely
compensatory increased temporal width
Trigonocephaly
triangular skull
premature closure of frontal metopic suture
pointed forehead, hypotelorism (closely set eyes), protrusion of back of skull
