Congenital Conditions Flashcards
(32 cards)
What is Congenital Hip Dysplasia?
Malalignment of femoral head within acetabulum.
What are some physical examination findings for Congenital Hip Dysplasia?
Barlow test, Ortolani test, Galeazzi Klisic Sign
What is the presentation of congenital hip dysplasia?
Asymmetrical abduction with tightness, apparent femoral shortening, and limited hip abduction
What are some treatment interventions for congenital hip dysplasia?
Pelvic harness, splinting, traction, bracing
What type of imaging is used for congenital hip dysplasia?
Ultrasound for diagnosis
What is torticollis?
SCM contracture within first 2 months of life.
What is the presentation of torticollis?
Ipsilateral cervical lateral flexion and contralateral rotation
What is plagiocephaly?
Skull flattening on one side of the head. Plagiocephaly will be opposite side of torticollis (R torticollis = L plagiocephaly)
Which side does occipital flattening occur with plagiocephaly?
Same side
Which side does occipital bossing happen in plagiocephaly?
Opposite side
What is juvenile idiopathic arthritis?
Autoimmune disease; inflammation of the joints and connective tissue.
Poly articular = >5 joints
Oligoarticular = >4 joints
What are the symptoms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis?
Fever/rash/enlarged lymph nodes. Asymmetrical involvement of multiple joints.
What is Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease?
Avascular necrosis; degeneration of the femoral head with age of onset being 3-13 y.o.
What is the presentation of Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease?
Positive Trendelenburg sign, limited hip abduction, IR, and extension. Hip flexion and adduction and contractions may be present.
What type of imaging is used for Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease?
MRI showing positive bony crescent sign
What is the treatment for Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease
Cast for 4-6 weeks, maintain femoral head in position, splinting, use of crutches, traction
What is Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis?
Femoral head displaced from normal alignment (posteroinferiorly).
What is the presentation for slipped capital femoral epiphysis?
AROM restricted in abduction, flexion, IR. Typically in 10–16-year-olds and include leg shortness, knee pain, and pain with IR. Groin pain will be triggered with anterior impingement test (hips flexed to 80-90 degrees and medially rotated with adduction).
What is osteogenesis imperfecta?
Connective tissue disorder; affects formation of collagen during bone development
What is the presentation for osteogenesis imperfecta?
Pathological fxs, OP, hypermobile joints, bowing of long ones, scoliosis, impaired respiratory function,
What type of imaging is used for osteogenesis imperfecta?
Bone scan and plain film
What is osteochondritis dissecans?
Separation of articular cartilage from underlying bone, usually involving femoral condyle near intercondylar notch
What type of imaging is used for osteochondritis dissecans?
Plain film imaging or CT scan
What is Talipes Equinovarus?
Clubfoot; adduction of forefoot, varus of rearfoot, PF at ankle
