Congenital Defects Flashcards
(26 cards)
Congenital heart defects usually arise during this embryological time period
3-8 weeks
after 8 weeks, the heart has its basic structure
What type of shunt leads to cyanosis at birth?
right-to-left shunt
pumping blue blood out into systemic circulation
What type of shunt leads to cyanosis at some point, but not right after birth?
left-to-right shunt
pumping red blood into lungs again isn’t that bad
until it reverses (Eisenmenger syndrome) due to hypertrophy on right side
now it’s a right-to-left shunt and you’re pumping blue blood into circulation
cianosis
Ventricular septal defect
associated condition
fetal alcohol syndrome
Atrial septal defect
associated condition
trisomy 21/Down syndrome
persistant primary atrial foramen espeically
Patent ductus arteriosis
condition association
congenital rubella
Transposition of the Great Vessels
condition association
materal diabetes
not gestational, since sets in after 8+ weeks
heart is fully developed by 8 weeks
Truncus Arteriosis
condition association
22q11
DiGeorge Syndrome
Coarcation of the Aorta
condition association
Turner syndrome
(XO instead of XX or XY)
Ventricular septal defect
pathology
left -> right shunt
Eisenmenger syndrome later in life
Atrial septal defect
pathology
most common: persistant 2˚ atrial foramen
left-right shunt
paradoxical emboli are important complication
(DVT can cause stroke because it crosses from right atrium into left atrium and out to the brain)
22q11
congenital heart disease
associations
truncus arteriosis
tetralogy of Fallot
Most common congenital heart condition
ventricular septal defect
Atrial septal defect on auscultation
split S2
increased blood in right heart delays closure of pulmonary valve
Murmur in patent ductus arteroisis
constant, machine-like murmur
4 characteristics of tetralogy of fallot
stenosis of right ventricular outflow tract
right ventricular hypertrophy
ventricular septal defect
overriding aorta
What substance maintains patency of PDA
PGE
NSAIDs given to close PDA by decreasing PGE syntesis
PGE2 given to maintain PDA patency in case of transposition of the great vessels
Important complication of atrial septal defect
paradoxical emobli
DVT –> right atrium –> through atrial septal defect –> left atrium –> left ventrical –> embolus in systemic circulation, such as brain
How do patients learn to compensate with tetralogy of Fallot?
squat
increases peripheral arterial resistance, increases flow to lungs
‘Boot-shaped’ heart on X-ray is a finding in which heart condition?
tetralogy of Fallot
apparently the switched arteries make it look like that ?
How can someone survive at all with transposition of the great vessels?
they need to keep the ductus arteriosis open
PGE administration
may also have atrial septal defect
Truncus arteriosis pathology
single large vessel arising from both ventricles
failure of truncus arteriosis to divide
associated with 22q11
Tricuspid atresia pathology
atrioventricular orifice fails to develop
often associated with atrial septal defect
Coarcation of the aorta
findings
low ankle:brachial index
lower extremity cyanosis
rib notching on X-ray
(from erosion)
