Congenital Heart

Question 1

what maternal issues can cause birth defects

Answer 1

meds, diabetes or any other diesease

Question 2

what attributes of the baby can cause birth defect?

Answer 2

pre term, weight,

Question 3

what will pulses be like in a child with heart defect

Answer 3

un equal pulses

Question 4

what will you be able to auscultate in a child with a heart defect?

Answer 4

murmur

Question 5

what is used to diagnose heart defects?

Answer 5

x ray, ultrasound, ecg

Question 6

what is a cardiac cath?

Question 7

what is done during pre op for cardiac cath?

Answer 7

baseline weight, height, infections, pulses, NPO for 6-8 hours before

Question 8

what should be done post op for cardiac cath

Answer 8

continous ekg, pulse ox, distal pulses, veins lay flat for 4-6 hours, and artery lay flay for 6-8

Question 9

what kind of diet are cardiac cath patients on post op?

Answer 9

water to clear to full liquid to regular

Question 10

what is correlated with asynotic heart problems?

Answer 10

heart failure

Question 11

what are the acyanotic heart problems?

Answer 11

ventricular septal defect ,patent ductus arteriosis, pulmonic stenosis, coarctation of the aorta

Question 12

what happens during ventricular septal defect?

Answer 12

the blood from the left ventricle mixes with the right

Question 13

what are the cyanotic heart problems?

Answer 13

tetralogy fallot and transposition of greater arteries/vessels

Question 14

what is heard during a ventricular setptal defect?

Answer 14

a loud murmur

Question 15

what can happen to the lungs with a ventricular septal defect?

Answer 15

pulmonary hypertension

Question 16

what side of the heart usually fails during ventricular septal defect?

Answer 16

usually the right due to the pressure coming from the left

Question 17

what is the operation for large ventricular septal defect?

Answer 17

dacron patch closes up larger holes through cath

Question 18

what is the operation for the small ventricular septal defect?

Answer 18

stitch through cath

Question 19

what is the time frame for ventricular septal defect to close?

Answer 19

1 year

Question 20

what happens during patent ductus arteriosis?

Answer 20

the duct between the aorta and pulmonary artery stay open causing the oxygenated blood to go the lungs

Question 21

what can pda lead to in lungs?

Answer 21

pulmonary hypertension due to the pressure from the aorta

Question 22

are patients alway symptomatic with pda?

Answer 22

no

Question 23

what kind of murmur is present in pda?

Answer 23

washing machine

Question 24

what populations most have PDAs

Answer 24

pre matures babies

Question 25

when do PDAs usually close

Answer 25

within the first weeks of birht

Question 26

what surgery is used to correct PDAs?

Answer 26

occlusion coils

Question 27

what meds are used to treat PDAs

Answer 27

indomethacin and ibuprofen

Question 28

why is indomethacin and ibuprofen used to treat PDA

Answer 28

to inhibit prostglandins becuase they keep the duct openn

Question 29

why are prostaglandin bad for pda?

Answer 29

prostaglandins keep the duct open

Question 30

what happens during pulmonic stenosis?

Answer 30

the pulmonic valve is narrowed lowering blood flow to the lungs

Question 31

what is the treatment for pulmonic stenosis?

Answer 31

valvotomy balloon angioplasty

Question 32

what is the coarction of the aorta?

Answer 32

narrowing of the aorta

Question 33

what are the symptoms coarction of the aorta?

Answer 33

different temp, different pulse ox, perfusion, cap refill, different BP on upper and lower extremities

Question 34

is Bp higher or lower on upper extremities with coarction of the aorta?

Answer 34

higher

Question 35

what is used as treatment for coarction of the aorta?

Answer 35

surgery where they remove the narrowed portion and recconect

Question 36

what is done post of for a coarction of the aorta surgery?

Answer 36

give BP meds to keep low so sutures dont bust

Question 37

what is tetralogy of fallot?

Answer 37

when the patient has pulmonic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overidding, aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy

Question 38

what is given to tetralogy of fallot patients?

Answer 38

porstaglandins to keep everything open

Question 39

what disease has tet spells?

Answer 39

fallot

Question 40

when do tet spell occur?

Answer 40

occurs when the child is emotional

Question 41

what occurs during tet spell

Answer 41

clots, seizures, LOC, suddent death

Question 42

what is the treatment for tet spell?

Answer 42

knee to chest, blow by, and morphine

Question 43

what color are tetra fallot patietns?

Answer 43

can be pink or blue

Question 44

what is transposistion?

Answer 44

occurs when there are two ciruclating systems that keep the body from oxygenating good

Question 45

what med is given to transoposistion babies?

Answer 45

prostaglandins

Question 46

what surgery is done for transposition babies?

Answer 46

they cause a atrial septal defect

Question 47

does transposistion cause chf or hypoxemia?

Answer 47

both

Question 48

does tetrology fallot cause hypoxemia or chf?

Answer 48

hypoxemia

Question 49

what are signs of HF in babies?

Answer 49

sweating during feeding, poor feeding, weight gain, anorexia

Question 50

what should you do nutrition wise of heart defect patients?

Answer 50

increase the density of calories in milk

Question 51

what is hypoxemia?

Answer 51

less oxygen in the blood

Question 52

what is hypoxia?

Answer 52

decreases tissue oxygenation

Question 53

what is polycythemia

Answer 53

too many rbc that causes the blood to be thicker

Question 54

what does polycytthemia increas the risk of?

Answer 54

strokes

Question 55

why might a cyantic/t defect patient be admitted?

Answer 55

hypoxemia, hypoxia, polycythemia, hypercyanotic, clubbibg

Question 56

what is the intervention for polycythemia?

Answer 56

hydration

Question 57

why might a child with HF/non ts be admitted?

Answer 57

decreased CO, impaired oxygenatin, poor feeindg, fluid volume excess

Question 58

what assesement should be dont on a HF patient?

Answer 58

daily weight, i and o

Question 59

what medications will HF patients take?

Answer 59

Digoxin, BP meds, diretics,

Question 60

what diuretic is potassium wasting?

Answer 60

-ide diuretics

Question 61

when should diuretics be given?

Answer 61

in the am

Question 62

what diuretics is potassium sparring?

Answer 62

Spironolactone

Question 63

how often to feed HF patietns?

Answer 63

small q3 meals

Question 64

what labs and diagnostics are ran on HF patiens?

Answer 64

electrolytes...K echo

Question 65

if you are taking a potassium wasting diuretic what do you need?

Answer 65

potassium sup

Question 66

what kind of relationship do digoxin and k have?

Answer 66

if potassium is too high the effectiveness of digoxin decreases and if posttium is too low the digoxin effect is too strong

Question 67

when should you hold digoxin?

Answer 67

if child is under 70 or infant is under 90

Question 68

what are complications of interventions for HF?

Answer 68

digox tox, renal failure, dehydration, skin breakdon, hypothermiam hypotension, infection, aspiration

Question 69

before giving digoxin what assessment is done?

Answer 69

apical pulse for 1 full minute

Question 70

what are the digoxin complication symptoms?

Answer 70

xxxx

Question 71

what diuretic takes the longest to kick in?

Answer 71

spirolactone

Question 72

how long does spirolactone take to work?

Answer 72

days to a week

Question 73

how long does furosemide take to work?

Answer 73

within 1 hour

Question 74

what are signs of digoxin toxicity?

Question 75

what are precautions are cystic fibrosis patients on

Answer 75

contact precautions