Congenital Heart Defects Flashcards
(45 cards)
Atrial septal defect
Hole in strial septum that seperated left from right. Allows oxygenated blood to be shunted from left to right atria due to pressure
Often asymptomatic and diagnosed by murmur
Atrial septal defect
What gender is ASD prevelant in?
2x more in girls
Can ASD resolve on its own?
a small hole can, a large hole needs surgery
What other issues can ASD cause?
HTN, HF, V-Fib
Ventricular septal defect
a hole in the ventricular septum allowing mixing of blood
“Left to right shunt”
Can VSD resolve on its own?
Usually close spontaneously in the first year or two of life. Larger holes require surgery in the first year
What is VSD effects?
blood from the lungs crosses the VSD and goes back to the lungs causing increased pulmonary blood flow
Atrioventricular Canal defect
a combination of defects, involving malformations of the tricuspid and mitral valves; almost fused together as one
What congential heart defect is in conjunction with down syndrome?
ACD- Atrioventricular canal defect
What are the effects of Atrialventricular canal defect (ACD)?
this defect allows the blood to flow freely between the four chambers
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
a minor vessel sometimes from the fetal structure of the heart in a newborn baby, connecting the aorta to the pulmonary artery
What can occur is the PDA remains open?
heart failure
Coarctation of the Aorta
a narrowing of the lumen of the aorta that impedes blood flow; a blockage in the aorta itself
What is caused by coarcation of the aorta?
high blood pressure in the left ventricle and the portion of the aorta between the heart and the blockage
What do newborns with coarcation of the aorta present with
heart failure; once the ductus closes rapid deterioration and shock occur
What do older children with coarcation of the aorta present with?
HTN in upper extremities, decreased lower pulses, cool mottled skin, eg cramps during exercise
Tetralogy of Fallot
syndrome with 4 defects: ventricular septal defect overriding aorta straddles the VSD Pulmonary valve stenosis right ventricle hypertrophy
how is tetralogy of fallot corrected?
surgery within early infancy
What are the four issues with tetralogy of fallot?
- large VSD
- Narrowing of outflow tract from right ventricle into pulmonary artery
- Aorta is enlarged and overrides
- thickening of right ventricle resulting in right ventricular hypertrophy
Transposition of the Great arteries
the two main arteries are connected to the wrong chambers
- Aorta leaves RV (instead of LV) and takes unoxygenated blood to body
- PA leaves the LV (instead of right)and takes oxygenated blood to the lungs
How is transposition of the great arteries fixed?
surgery in the first week of life
How does an infant with transposition of the great arteries live after birth?
by the formen Ovale in the artial septum and the ductus arteriosus connecting aorta and PA
What is cerebral palsey
failure of the ability to achieve fross and fine motor milestones; effecting movement and posture
