Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anterior Segment > Congenital Lens Opacities > Flashcards

Congenital Lens Opacities Flashcards

(65 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what shape are the lens? is it cellular or acellular? It is a optically _____ structure?

A

biconvex, acellular, optically transparent structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how does the lens change shape?

A

by contraction of ciliary body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is transparent basement membrane that surrounds the entire lens?

A

lens capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the lens capsule is mostly made up of?

A

collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

where do zonular fibers insert?

A

at the equator of the lens capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what happens to the anterior lens capsule as we age?

A

it thickens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

where are mitotic epithelial cells located?

A

anterior lens only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where are new fibers generated? where do they migrate to? where do they meet?

A

at the equator → migrate to anterior & posterior lens → meet at the sutures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

name the structures of the lens from innermost to outermost

A

embryonic nucleus → fetal nucleus → adult nucleus → cortex → anterior/posterior capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

most congenital cataracts are unilateral or bilateral?

A

bilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are congenital cataracts caused by?

A
  • chromosomal abnormalities
  • metabolic disorders
  • intrauterine infections (TORCH)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what findings will you find with unilateral congenital cataracts?

A

no additional findings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

which one has a better visual prognosis?

  • isolated congenital cataract
  • congenital cataract with ocular/systemic cormorbidity
A

isolated congenital cataract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the most common type of congenital cataracts?

A

cerulean (blue-dot)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

which congenital cataract is nonprogressive and presents as multiple, tiny blue scattered dots?

A

cerulean (blue-dot)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

in cerulean cataracts, where are the blue dots scattered in?

A

in the lens cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

in cerulean cataracts, what causes the bluish color?

A

dispersion of light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

when the opacities in a cerulean cataract occur in a ring-like configuration, what is that called?

A

coronary cataract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how do cerulean cataracts impact visual acuity?

A

no effect on VA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

which congenital cataract is caused by metaplasia of epithelial cells?

A

anterior polar cataract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

which congenital cataract consists of fibrous connective tissue beneath an intact anterior lens capsule?

A

anterior polar cataract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

which congenital presents as a sharply demarcated opacity beneath the anterior lens capsule?

A

anterior polar cataract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

are anterior polar cataracts progressive or nonprogressive?

A

nonprogressive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

are anterior polar cataracts unilateral or bilateral?

A

can be either or

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
how do anterior polar cataracts affect visual acuity?
can be amblyogenic due to refractive error when cataracts are unilateral
26
what are the refractive errors causing amblyopia in a unilateral anterior polar cataract?
hyperopic anisometropia & astigmatism
27
which congenital cataract can be sporadic or familial, & caused by dysplastic lens fibers that adhere to the posterior capsule?
posterior polar cataract
28
posterior polar cataracts can be associated with what?
- persistent hyaloid remnants (Mittendorf dots) - posterior lenticous - persistent anterior fetal vasculature
29
which congenital cataract presents as a round discoid plaque that is clearly demarcated from the rest of the lens?
posterior polar cataract
30
what impact do posterior polar cataracts have on visual acuity?
usually no effect on VA, unless they progress
31
if posterior polar cataracts do progress, when do they start to progress?
usually in middle age
32
what is the risk in cataract surgery for a posterior polar cataract?
high risk of posterior capsule rupture
33
which congenital cataract is usually bilateral & heriditary?
zonular (lamellar) cataract
34
what are zonular (lamellar) cataracts associated with?
- low vitamin D - hypocalcemia - maternal malnutrition
35
which congenital cataract presents as an opacification of the zone around the embryonic nucleus?
zonular (lamellar) cataracts
36
where are zonular (lamellar) cataracts usually found?
usually in area of the fetal nucleus
37
zonular (lamellar) cataracts may also present with what kind of opacity? what are they called?
linear opacities may run outwards (aka riders)
38
what impact do zonular (lamellar) cataracts have on visual acuity?
decreased VA is common → necessitating surgery
39
which congenital cataract will present with a clear area of lens within & outside of the opaque zone?
zonular (lamellar) cataracts
40
which congenital cataract is usually caused by a genetic mutation?
nuclear cataract
41
which cataract is associated with ocular abnormalities such as microphthalmia, nystagmus, strabismus, & iris hypoplasia?
nuclear cataracts
42
nuclear cataracts involve which structure(s) of the lens?
can involve entire nucleus or portion of the nucleus
43
what impact do nuclear cataracts have on visual acuity?
results in decreased VA
44
which congenital cataract is caused by an autosomal recessive disorder that impairs galactose utilization caused by absence of the enzyme?
oil droplet cataract
45
in oil droplet cataracts, what must be done to prevent severe systemic problems that will result in early death?
withholding galactose products from diet
46
in oil droplet cataracts, exclusion of galactose in diet can do what?
may reverse early lens changes
47
what impact do oil droplet cataracts have on visual acuity?
results in lenticular myopia
48
what congenital cataract presents as an opacity following the anterior/posterior Y suture?
sutural cataract
49
where are the Y sutures located?
in the fetal nucleus
50
are sutural cataracts progressive or nonprogressive?
nonprogressive
51
what impact do sutural cataracts have on visual acuity?
no effect on vision, unless associated with other lens opacities that can affect VA
52
what are the three congenital opacities that aren't cataracts?
- Mittendorf Dot - epicapsular star - persistent fetal vasculature
53
which congenital lens opacity is a posterior capsule remnant of hyaloid artery?
Mittendorf dot
54
are Mittendorf dots progressive or nonprogressive?
nonprogressive
55
where are Mittendorf dots frequently located?
inferonasally on posterior lens surface
56
what impact do Mittendorf dots have on visual acuity?
no effect on VA
57
what congenital lens opacity presents as brown stellate opacities on the anterior capsule?
epicapsular star
58
what congenital lens opacities are remnants of embryonic vascular network?
epicapsular stars
59
are epicapsular stars progressive or nonprogressive?
nonprogressive
60
what impact do epicapsular starts have on visual acuity?
no effect on VA
61
what congenital lens opacity is caused by failure of the fetal hyaloid vasculature to regress?
persistent fetal vasculature
62
is persistent fetal vasculature unilateral or bilateral?
almost always unilateral
63
what is persistent fetal vasculature associated with?
microphthalmia
64
what is the persistence of anterior hyaloid artery & abnormal tissue proliferation (retinal glial cells)?
persistent fetal vasculature
65
what are the variable degrees of vascular remnants?
- isolated retrolenticular membrane | - complete stalk connecting the optic nerve to the lens

Anterior Segment (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions