Congenital Pathology

Question 1

congenital rubella causes what?

Answer 1

PDA

Question 2

Gestational diabetes causes what?

Answer 2

transposition of vessels

Question 3

hypoxema and cyanosis is caused by what?

Answer 3

right to left shunts

Question 4

5 Right to Left Shunts

Answer 4

Tetralogy of Fallot, Trasponsition of great arteries, Truncus arterioles, tricuspid atresia, total anomalous pulmonary venous connection

Question 5

what kind of embolism can right to left shunts cause?

Answer 5

paradoxical embolism - bc emboli bypasses lungs andcan go into systemic circulation i.e. brain

Question 6

what three things can right to left shunts cause?

Answer 6

paradoxical embolism, long standing cyanosis, polycythemia

Question 7

4 features of tetralogy of Fallot

Answer 7

Pulm Stenosis, Right V. hypetrophy, Overiding aorta, V-VSD

Question 8

embryologic features of Teralogy of Fallot

Answer 8

anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum

Question 9

boot shaped heart relates to

Answer 9

Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 10

when does cyanosis develop

Answer 10

right sided pressure exceed left sided pressure

Question 11

can there be postnatal life with transposition of the great arterues

Answer 11

no unless a shunt exists

Question 12

what happens to the ventricles for transposition of the great arteries

Answer 12

right ventricular hypertrophy and left ventricular atrophy

Question 13

what is persistent truncus arterioles associated with?

Answer 13

VSD

Question 14

tricuspid atresia isa associated with?

Answer 14

ASD and a VSD

Question 15

Mitral valve is larger than normal

Answer 15

hypoplasia of the right ventricle

Question 16

what congenital anomaly has cyanosis from birth and high mortality within the first weeks of life?

Answer 16

tricuspid atresia

Question 17

what is it called when pulmonary veins fail to directly join the left atrium

Answer 17

total anomalous pulmonary venous conection

Question 18

volume and pressure hypertrophy, dilation of the right side of the heart and dilation of pulmonary trunk is due to what

Answer 18

total anomalous pulmonary venous connection

Question 19

what condition can be asymptomatic until adulthood?

Answer 19

atrial septal defect

Question 20

where is the location of ASD primum

Answer 20

adjacent to the AV valves (related to down syndrome)

Question 21

Where is the location of ASD secundum

Answer 21

oval fossa near center of atrial septum

Question 22

what is the most common congenital anomoly

Answer 22

VSD ( V in PROV)

Question 23

where do most VSD’s occur?

Answer 23

membranous VSD

Question 24

what has a machine like murmur?

Answer 24

patent ductus arteriosus

Question 25

how can you keep PDA open?

Answer 25

administering prostaglandin E

Question 26

short stature female will most likely have?

Answer 26

coarctation of the aorda

Question 27

where does coarcation of the aorta occur for adults?

Answer 27

distal to the arch vessels

Question 28

what kind of cyanosis will coarctation of the aorta produce?

Answer 28

lower extremitties

Question 29

what is the pressure pattern dealing with coarctation of the aorta?

Answer 29

hypertension upper extremities, weak pulses and hypotension in lower extremities.

Question 30

rib notching is characteristic of?

Answer 30

coarctation of aorta

Question 31

what kind of morphology will aortic stenosis produce

Answer 31

dense collar like fibrous thickening around the valves and thickening of ascending aortic wall

Question 32

what kind of aortic dysplasia is inherited

Answer 32

supravalvular

Question 33

what chromosome might be affected in relation to aortic stenosis and atresia

Answer 33

chromosome 7 (gene for elastin) component of a multi organ developmental disorder.