conjugation/склонение + rules Flashcards
present/future tense conjugation (regular)
mina -n
sina -d
tema -b
meie -me
teie -te
nemad -vad
olema (irregular conjugation)
ma olen
sa oled
ta on
me oleme
te olete
nad on
negative present tense conjugation
ei + verb’s present-stem without endings
ma ei tule
sa ei tule
ta ei tule
me ei tule
te ei tule
nad ei tule
imperative for 2nd person singular
verb’s present-stem without endings
tule!
loe!
räägi!
negative imperative for 2nd person singular
ära + verb’s present-stem without endings
ära tule!
ära loe!
ära räägi!
negative/ imperative for 2nd person singular of “to go”
(don’t go!)
mine!
ära mine!
to understand present tense conjugation
ma saan aru
sa saad aru
ta saab aru
me saame aru
te saate aru
nad saavad aru
present conditional tense conjugation
present stem + - ksi- + ending
ma tahaksin
sa tahaksid
ta tahaks
me tahaksime
te tahaksite
nad tahaksid
negative present cond. tense conjugation
ma ei tahaks
sa ei tahaks
ta ei tahaks
me ei tahaks
te ei tahaks
nad ei tahaks
possessive pronouns
minu (mu)
sinu (su)
tema (ta)
meie (me)
teie (te)
nende
diminutives
-ke
-kene
an adjective which modifies a noun with a diminutive ending does not take on the diminutive suffix: mu armas pojake
the illative case
(į ką) the space or object into which a motion occurs
gen. form + -sse (majasse - into the house)
some longer words which end in -se in gen. have a shortened illative form (õpilase - õpilasesse / õpilasse)
the inessive case
(kur) location inside a space or object
gen. form + -s (majas - in(side) the house)
the elative case
(iš ko/kur) out of; made of what?, pagamintas iš ko?; about whom / what, apie ką?
gen. form + -st (majast - out of the house)
illative case personal pronouns (-sse)
minusse (musse)
sinusse (susse)
temasse (tasse)
meisse
teisse
nendesse (neisse)
inessive case personal pronouns (-s)
minus (mus)
sinus (sus)
temas (tas)
meis
teis
nendes (neis)
elative case personal pronouns (-st)
minust (must)
sinust (sust)
temast (tast)
meist
teist
nendest (neist)
allative case
indicates the object onto the surface of which a movement occurs (ant ko)
indicates the person to whom one gives or says something (kam)
gen.form + -le
(pane raamat lauale)
(kirjuta vennale kiri)
adessive case
indicates the object on the surface of which something is found (ant ko)
used in expressions of time
gen.form + -l
(ma istun toolil)
(hommikul)
ablative case
indicates the object from the surface of which a movement occurs (nuo ko)
indicates the person from whom one receives, takes or demands (iš ko)
gen.form + -lt
(võta laualt pliiats)
(küsi vennalt, millal ta tuleb)
allative case personal pronouns (-le)
minule (mulle)
sinule (sulle)
temale (talle)
meile
teile
nendele (neile)
adessive case personal pronouns (-l)
minul (mul)
sinul (sul)
temal (tal)
meil
teil
nendel (neil)
ablative case personal pronouns (-lt)
minult (mult)
sinult (sult)
temalt (talt)
meilt
teilt
nendelt (neilt)
comitative case personal pronouns
minuga
sinuga
temaga
meiega
teiega
nendega