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Ocular Disease Principles > Conjunctival variation > Flashcards

Conjunctival variation Flashcards

1
Q

What type of membrane is the conjunctiva made from?

A

Thin mucous membrane

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2
Q

What is the corneal epithelium contiguous with?

A

Conjunctiva epithelium (developed from surface ectoderm)

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3
Q

True or false: If conjunctival infection, cornea is involved

A

False - cornea may or may not be involved

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4
Q

The accessory lacrimal glands found in the conjunctiva are:

A

Glands of Krause
Glands of Wolfring

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5
Q

What are the conjunctival blood vessels used for?

A

Supplying blood + oxygen + nutrients + fight off infections
(these are located superfiscially)

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6
Q

What is the appearance of follicles?

A

focal hyperplasia (increase in cell number)
lymphocytes accumulating in conjunctival stroma = newly formed lymphoid tissue
greyish/ whiteish/ yellowish in color
elevated, clear to milky centers, base of the follicle has blod vessels (pushes conjunctival blood vessels to the side)

small in size; 0.5mm to 2mm

smooth surface

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7
Q

Where are follicles found?

A

commonly found on palpebral conunctiva

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8
Q

What are the causes of follicles?

A

1) Viral conjunctivits
2) Toxins: irritants
Ex: Molluscum contagiosum, chemicals

As a result, it has a localized cell mediated immune response

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9
Q

True or false: folliculosis is a disease

A

FALSE - it is a condition NOT a disease

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10
Q

What age range is folliculosis most commonly found? Does it stay?

A

found in children to young adolescents
(disappears with age)
due to a hyperactive lymphatic system

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11
Q

True or false: Papillae are fibrovascular in origin

A

TRUE

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12
Q

Where can papillae be located?

A

Upper and lower palpebral conjunctiva

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13
Q

what is the appearance of papillae?

A

elevated
deep red vascular (with blood vessel at the core of the papilla)
increased blood components -> polymorphonuclear, neutrophils PMNs eosinophils

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14
Q

What are the causes of papillae?

A

bacterial infection Ex: bacterial conjunctivitis
contact lens wear
allergies

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15
Q

What type of conjunctivitis can we see giant papillae?

A

vernal conjunctivitis
giant papillary conjunctivitis

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16
Q

What is the appearance of retention cyst?

A

clear like vacuoles; spherical in shape

17
Q

Where are retention cyst found?

A

bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva
(typically in interpalpebral zone)

18
Q

T/F Patients with a retention cyst are sympomatic

A

FALSE - they are asymptomatic

19
Q

How do we treat retention cyst?

A

1) removal by lancing if it is a cosmetic concern
2) lubricate w artifical tear solution 1gtt 3-4x a day for several weeks

20
Q

What is the main cause of retention cyst?

A

cellular degeneration of conjunctival tissue
(typically found in patients with dry eyes and is NOT a sign of infection/ inflammation)

21
Q

Where are pingueculae found?

A

Found in the interpalpebral zone of the bulbar conjunctiva

22
Q

What are the causes of pingueculae?

A

enivronmental, irritation, UV exposure, wind, dust, mechanical ie rubbing of contact lens

fibrovascular degeration

23
Q

What is the appearance of pingueculae?

A

yellow-white mass, flat but slightly elevated

24
Q

How should we manage pingueculae?

A

Management: patient education & UV protection

25
Q

What is pingueculitis?

A

inflammed pinguaecula

26
Q

How do we treat pinguecula?

A

1) this is self limiting = resolves on its own in a week
2) artificial tears gtts 4-6x a day for a week
- inform patient to use UV protection, don’t rub your eyes
3) Visine OTC - good to temporarily get rid of redness
—–1-2 drops per day AFTER 3-4 DAYS MUST STOP! - cosmetic reason
4) Lumify - 1-2 drops for a few days also for cosmetic reasons

27
Q

What type of weather can pterygium be commonlu found in?

A

warmer climates
closer to the equator = more UV exposure
mountan areas
ski slopes
lakes/ ocean

28
Q

Where is pterygium located?

A

interpalpebral zone -> from bulbar cojunctiva to the center of the cornea (can affect visual field)

29
Q

T/F : Pterygia destroys the Descemet’s membrane replacing it with a fibro-vascular layer

A

FALSE Pterygia extends to the cornea and destroys the bowman’s membrane replacing it with fibro-vascular layer

30
Q

How does a pterygium look like?

A

Fleshy, triangular growth that extends onto the cornea; apex points toward the pupil

31
Q

What are the symptoms of the pterygium?

A

blurry vision (decrease in visual acuity)
monocular diplopia
dry eye
foreign body sensation
red eye

32
Q

True or false: If you see a Stocker’s line for many months, it is a sign the pterygia is stabilizing

A

TRUE

33
Q
A

Ocular Disease Principles (3 decks)

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