Connected speech- ch 6

Question 1

Coarticulation

Answer 1

an articulatory process whereby individual phonemes overlap one another due to timing constraints and ease of production

Question 2

Assimilation

Answer 2

phonemes take on the phonetic character of neighboring sounds

Question 3

Epenthesis

Answer 3

addition of a phoneme to the production of a word - usually the schwa

Question 4

Metathesis

Answer 4

transposition of a sound - flip flopping phonemes

Question 5

Allophone

Answer 5

variant form of a phoneme (aspirated vs. unaspirated)

Question 6

Phonotactic

Answer 6

sound and sound combinations that are permissible in a language

Question 7

Quasi-resonat nucleus stage

Answer 7

characterized by a majority of reflexive vocalizations (crying, fussing, coughing, burping) 0-1 month stage

Question 8

Goo and coo stage

Answer 8

vocalizations have greater resonance, primary vowel sounds (back vowel and back constants primarily) 2-3 month stage

Question 9

Exploration/expansion stage

Answer 9

more squealing, period of vocal play- yells, raspberries, growls; 4-6 month stage - experimentation with pitch and volume extremes

Question 10

Reduplication babbling stage

Answer 10

vocalizations are longer, consist of CV syllabus whose timing approximates adult speech (dada, baba, mama) 7-10 month stage

Question 11

Babbling

Answer 11

pre speech behavior characterized by syllables that may be initiated or terminated by constant-like sounds - usually occurs around 6 months and extends until first words between 10-13 months

Question 12

Jargon

Answer 12

non meaningful sequence of phonemes having intonation and stress patterns that sound appropriate for meaningful speech - develops from babbling around 10 months

Question 13

Variegated babbling stage

Answer 13

last stage before first word- productions are primarily CV sequences, but reduplication is no longer present and a variety of constants and vowels appear, fricatives start to appear

Question 14

Phonological process

Answer 14

is a systematic sound change that affects classes of sounds (manner) or sound sequences (syllable shape) and results in simplification of production

Question 15

Syllable deletion

Answer 15

a syllable of a polysyllabic word is omitted, typically the syllable is unstressed examples: remember = member and banana = nana

Question 16

Reduplication

Answer 16

partial or total repetition of a syllable or word; always CVCV
partial= baba –> bada
total= mama, dada, baba

Question 17

Epenthesis

Answer 17

adding a syllable between 2 consonants; typically the schwa

Question 18

FCD or postvocalic consonant deletion

Answer 18

deletion of a singleton consonant in a word- final position, resulting in an open syllable
example: foot = foo

Question 19

Initial (prevocalic) consonant deletion

Answer 19

not typical, deletion of a singleton consonant in word-intial position, resulting in the syllable beginning with a vowel
example: know = o

Question 20

Cluster deletion

Answer 20

omit entire cluster example= spoon - oon

Question 21

Cluster reduction or consonant sequence reduction

Answer 21

CCC - C; example: smile = mile

Question 22

Cluster substitution

Answer 22

syllable shape does not change; example: string = stwing or cashed = cast