Connections btw Bones

Question 1

Classifications

Answer 1

1. SYNARTHROSIS
2. DIARTROSIS
3. AMPHIRARTROSIS

Question 2

DIARTHROSIS BY TYPE

Answer 2

1. Plana
2. Delabens
3. Ginglymus (Hinge)
4. Cochlearis
5. Trochoidea (PIVOT)
6. Elipsoidea
7. Sellars (Saddle)
8. Condylaris
9. Spheroidea

Question 3

Joints of head and vertebral column

Answer 3

1. Mandibular Joint
2. Vertebral Joint
3. Atlantooccipital Joint
4. Atlantoaxial Joint
5. Costovertebral Joint
6. Sternocostal joint
7. Lubosacral joint
8. Sacroiliac joint

Question 4

Joints of FL

Answer 4

1. Shoulder Joint
2. Elbow Joint
3. Carpal Joint
4. Fetlock Joint
5. Pastern Joint
6. Coffin Joint

Question 5

Joints of HL

Answer 5

1. Hip joint
2. Stifle joint
3. Hook joint
4. Pastern joint
5. Coffin joint

Question 6

Articulation types, in general it is grouped by?

Answer 6

1. SYNARTHROSE = Immobile connection
2. DIARTHROSE = Art. synnoviale
3. AMPHIRARTROSE (Tight joints: Sacroiliac joint)
4. Regarding nr:
   - Simplex: One pair of articular surfaces(shoulder joint) 2BONES
   - Duplex: Art. femorotibialis
   3BONES
   - Composita: Carpal joint
   MORE than 3BONES
5. Regarding shape and axis: Degree and king of mobility
   - Uniaxial: Pivot, hinge joint,
   - Biaxial: Elipsoidea, sellaris
   - Multiaxial: Shoulder and hip

Question 7

SYNARTHROSIS

Answer 7

• Immobile
• Without joint space

ART. FIBROSA(filled with fibrous tissue):

• Sutura –> Skull
• Gomphosis –> Art.dentoalveolaris

ART. CARTILAGINEA(filled with cartilage)

• Synchondrosis - Skull–>Hyoid
• Symphisis - Pelvis

SYNASTOSIS - Radius-Ulna (EQ)
SYNSARCOSIS - FL-Thorax

Question 8

AMPHIRARTROSIS

Answer 8

Art. Sacroiliaca

Art. Lumosacralis

Question 9

DIARTHROSIS

Answer 9

• Mobile

- With joint space = CAVUM ARTICULARE

Question 10

Capsula Articularis

Answer 10

1. Lig.Extra capsularia
2. Labum articularis
   = Shock absorbing, flexibility
3. Stratum Synovialis
4. Lig. Capsularia
5. Stratum fibrosum
6. Meniscus (=Fatpad, protection)
7. Cavum articulare

Question 11

DIARTHROSIS

Answer 11

Synovial Joints = With joint space 
Increased Mobility
Composed of:
1. Cavity: Cavum Articulare
2. Fluid/Synovia: In synovial Bursa
- Lubricate joints
- Decrease friction
3. Layers
Stratum Fibrosum
Stratum Synovialis 
= Produces/reabsorbs fluid
Cartilago articularis
- Hyaline cartilage
= Shock absorber, increase flexibility

Held together by:
LIGAMENTS, Ligamentum articulare

Special Features:
Intraarticular plates and fibrocartilage = Congruent
Ex:
Menisci of Stifle joint
Articular disc of temporomandibular joint
Intraarticular FAT PAD = Protection.

Question 12

DIARTHROSIS BY TYPE

PLANA

Answer 12

VERT:
Art. Proc. Articulatium Vertebralium

FL:
Art. Intercarpea
Art.carpometacarpea
Art. Ossis Carpi accessorius

HL:
Art.Centrodistalis
Art. Tarsometatarsea

Question 13

DIARTHROSIS BY TYPE

DELABENS (Sledge)

Answer 13

Art. Costotransversaria

Art. Femoropatellaris

Question 14

DIARTHROSIS BY TYPE

GINGLYMUS(Hinge)

Answer 14

FL:
Art.Humeroradialis/ulnaris
Art.Metacarpophalangea

Question 15

DIARTHROSIS BY TYPE

COCHLEARIS

Answer 15

Art. Tarsocruralis

Question 16

DIARTHROSIS BY TYPE

TROCHOIDEA(PIVOT)

Answer 16

Art. Radioulnaris

Art. Atlantoaxialis

Question 17

DIARTHROSIS BY TYPE

ELIPSOIDEA

Answer 17

Art. atlantooccipitalis

Question 18

DIARTHROSIS BY TYPE

SELLARIS (SADDLE)

Answer 18

Art.interphalangea prox/dist

Question 19

DIARTHROSIS BY TYPE

CONDYLARIS

Answer 19

Art.Temporomandibularis
FL:
Art.Antebrachiocarpae
Art.Mediocarpae

HL:
Art.femorotibialis

Question 20

DIARTHROSIS BY TYPE

SPHEROIDEA

Answer 20

Art. Humerii
Art. Coxea
Art. Capitis Costae

Question 21

Joints of head and vertebral column

Answer 21

1. Mandibular Joint
   - Art.Temporomandibularis
   - SIMPLEX
   - Condyaris (Biaxial)
   - Os Temporale/Mandibulare

2. Vertebral Joint
Art.Processum Articularium
SIMPLEX
PLANA (uniaxial)
Vertebra N/Vertebra N+1

3. Atlantooccipital Joint
   - Art.atlantooccipitale
   - SIMPLEX
   - ELIPSOIDA (biaxial)
   - Occipitalis/Atlas
4. Atlantoaxial Joint
   - Art. Atlantoaxialis
   - SIMPLEX
   - TROCHOIDEA (uniaxial)
   - Axis/Atlas
5. Costovertebral Joint
   - Art.costovertebralis
   Art.Capitis Costae
   Art.Costotransversa
   - COMPOSITA
   - SPHEROIDEA (Multiaxial)
6. Sternocostal joint
   Art.costosternalis
   SYNARTHROSIS
7. Lubosacral joint
   Art.Lumbosacralis
   AMPHIRARTHROSIS
8. Sacroiliac joint
   - Art.Sacroiliaca
   AMPHIRARTROSIS

Question 22

Joints of FL

Answer 22

1. Shoulder Joint
   - Art. Humerii
   - Simplex
   - Spheroidea (Multiaxial)
   - Scapula/Humerus
2. Elbow Joint
   - Art Cubiti
   Art.humeroradialis
   Art.humeroulnaris
   Art. Radioulnaris (prox)
   Art. Radioulnaris (distalis) CA
   COMPOSITA
   a. GINGLYMUS –> Humerus/radius & ulna
   b TROCHOIDEA –> Radius/Ulna

3. Carpal Joint
Art. Carpi
- Art.Antebrachiocarpae
- Art. Mediocarpae 
a. CONDYLARIS (Biaxial)
Radius Ulna/Os Carpale

• Art.Intercarpae
• Art. Carpometacarpae
• Art. osssis carpi accessori
  b. PLANA (uniaxial)
  Os carpale/Metacarpale

4. Fetlock Joint
Art. Metacarpophalangea
COMPOSITA
GINGLYMUS (uniaxiale)
MCIII/PH distalis + os sessamoidea

5. Pastern Joint
Art. Interphalangea Prox 
- SIMPLEX
- SELLARIS (Biaxiale)
- PH Prox
- PH Media

6. Coffin Joint
Art. Interphalangea dist
- COMPOSITA
- SELLARIS (Biaxial)
- PH Media / PH dist + os sessamoidea

Question 23

Joints of HL

Answer 23

1. Hip joint
   - Art. Coxae
   COMPOSITA
   SPHEROIDEA ( Multiaxiale)
   Pelvis acetabulum/Caput Femur
2. Stifle joint
   - Art. Genus
   a. Art. Femorotibialis
   COMPOSITA
   CONDYLARIS (biaxiale)
   Femur/Tibiae

b. Art. Femoropatellaris
COMPOSITA
DELABENS(uniaxial)
Patella/Femur

3. Hook joint
   - Art. Tarsi
   a. Art.Tarsocruralis
   SNAP - COCHLEARIS(uniaxial)
   Tibia/Tallus

b. Art. Tallocalcaneocentralis
c. Art. Centrodistalis
d. Art. Tarsometatarsea
PLANA (uniaxial)

4. Pastern joint
   - Art. Interphalangea prox
   - SIMPLEX
   - SELLARIS(biaxial)
   PH prox/PH media
5. Coffin joint
   - Art. Interphalangea dist
   - COMPOSITA
   - SELLARIS (biax)
   - PH media/ PH distalis