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NYCC Histology > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

What permanent CT cell is phagocytic and functions as an APC?

A

Macrophage

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2
Q

define

connective tissue

A

provides a matrix that supports and physically connects other tissues and cells together

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3
Q

CT composition

A

cells and ECM

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4
Q

ECM composition

A

fibers and ground substance (fluid filling space)

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5
Q

define

mesenchyme

A

a tissue developing from the mesoderm (middle layer of embryo)

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6
Q

CT is derived from __________

A

embryonic mesenchyme

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7
Q

4 types of permanent/resident CT cells

A
  1. fibroblasts
  2. adipocytes
  3. macrophages
  4. mast cells
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8
Q

what is the principal and most prevalent CT cell?

A

fibroblast

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9
Q

function

fibroblast

A
  • produce & maintain ECM
  • synthesize & secrete fibers (collagen, elastic, reticular)
  • synthesize complex carbs of ground substance
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10
Q

fibroblast

active vs inactive cells

A

active cells - fibroblast - larger nuclei
inactive cells - fibrocyte - smaller cells

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11
Q

define

adipocyte

A
  • fat cells found in CT of many organs
  • large cells, derived from mesenchyme
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12
Q

function

adipocyte

A
  • energy storage: cytoplasmic storage of lipid
  • heat production
  • cushion & protect skin & organs
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13
Q

adipocytes are derived from ____

A

mesenchyme

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14
Q

macrophages are derived from ____

A

monocytes (type of WBC)

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15
Q

what are tissue histiocytes?

A

monocytes that enter tissues, known as macrophages

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16
Q

define

macrophages

A

phagocytic, antigen-presenting cells that play an important role in repair & inflammation after tissue damage

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17
Q

phagocytic cells

A

turnover of protein fibers, removal of dead cells, tissue debris, foreign matter

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18
Q

antigen presenting cells (APC)

A

phagocytic
immune system cells with foreign antigens

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19
Q

macrophages are part of what system?

A

mononuclear phagocytic system

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20
Q

what organelle is very abundant in macrophages?

A

lysosome

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21
Q

define

mast cells

A

large, ovoid, heavily grandulated CT cells

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22
Q

what CT cell is associated with allergic reactions known as immediate hypersensitivity reactions?

A

mast cells

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23
Q

secretory products of mast cell granules

A
  • histamine
  • heparin
  • serine proteases
  • eosinophil & neutrophil chemotactic factors
  • cytokines
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24
Q

function

histamine

A

increase vascular permeability and smooth muscle contraction

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25
# function heparin
anticoagulant
26
2 types of wandering/transient CT cells
1. plasma cells 2. other leukocytes (WBCs)
27
# function plasma cells
product antibodies
28
# describe plasma cells
- large, ovoid cell with basophilic cytoplasm, large pale golgi apparatus - nucleus eccentrically placed with peripheral heterochromatin regions giving "clock-face" appearance
29
examples of other leukocytes (WBCs)
- neutrophils - lymphocytes - eosinophils - basophils - adult stem cells - myofibroblasts
30
adult stem cells
niches of adult stem cells are located in various tissues and organs; typically differentiating into specific cells
31
myofibroblasts
fibroblasts involved in wound healing; have a well-developed contractile function; contain a form of actin
32
most abundant CT fiber
collagen
33
# define collagen
- family of proteins forming various extracellular fibers, sheets and networks with strong resistance to shearing and tearing forces
34
most abundant protein in the body
collagen
35
# structure collagen
bundles of fine, threadlike subunits called collagen fibrils
36
collagen synthesis is the specialty of the ____
fibroblasts
37
collagen synthesis
- polypeptides produced in RER - in ER, 3 a-chains folded into **triple helix** - triple helix cleaved into a **procollagen molecule** (tropocollagen) - different types of procollagen chains produce the various types of collagen w different structures & functions
38
what produces the various types of collagen with different structures and functional properties?
different combinations of procollagen a-chains
39
what is a procollagen molecule?
basic subunit from which all fibers or sheets are assembled (AKA tropocollagen)
40
assembly of type 1 collagen
fibrils->fibers->bundles
41
type 1 collagen main location
most places in body
42
type 2 collagen main location
cartilage
43
type 3 collagen main location
reticular
44
type 4 collagen main location
basement membranes
45
reticular fibers are produced by ____
fibroblasts (reticular cells)
46
# function reticular fibers
- supporting stroma of hemopoietic (bone marrow) and lymphatic tissue --> network called reticulum
47
reticular fibers consist mostly of ____
type III collagen
48
what does **argyrophilic** mean?
"loves silver" - reticular fibers are stained black with silver salts
49
# location reticular fibers
- delicate loose CT at boundary of CT & epithelium - surrounding adipocytes, small blood vesselsm nerves, muscle cells - abundant in embryonic tissue
50
# function elastic fibers
allow tissues to respond to stretch & distension
51
elastic fibers are produced by ____
fibroblasts
52
structure of elastic fibers
composed of **fibrillin**, forming a network of microfibrils embedded in a large mass of cross-linked **elastin**
53
function of elastin
hydrophobic nature allows random coiling of its fibers
54
in large blood vessels, elastin occurs in fenestrated sheets called ____
elastic lamellae
55
# define ground substance
part of ECM that occupies spaces between cells and fibers
56
3 macromolecules of ground substance
1. glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 2. proteoglycans 3. multiadhesive glycoproteins
57
how is CT proper classified?
according to amount of collagen & ground substance
58
3 types of CT proper
loose CT dense irregular CT dense regular CT
59
# loose CT fibers & cells
fewer, loosely arranged fibers (type 1) abundant cells
60
# dense irregular CT fibers & cells
abundant fibers (type 2) few cells
61
# dense regular CT fibers & cells
ordered, densely packed fibers (type 1) & cells
62
# dense irregular CT functional properties
- strength - allows stretch & distension
63
# loose CT location
beneath epithelia covering body surfaces and lining internal surfaces of body
64
# dense irregular CT location
dermis of skin, submucosa of hollow organs, capsules surrounding most organs
65
# dense regular CT location
tendons & ligaments
66
2 types of specialized CT
mesenchyme mucoid
67
# mesenchyme location
primarily in embryo
68
# mesenchyme function
contains undifferentiated cells capable of differentiating into all CT
69
# mucoid CT location
umbilical cord (Wharton's jelly) nucleus pulposis of IVD
70
# mucoid CT fibers & cells
fewer cells than mesenchyme, whispy fibers
71
2 types of adipose tissue
white brown
72
# white adipose unilocular/multilocular
unilocular: single large droplets of triglicerides, displace nucleus to periphery
73
# brown adipose unilocular/multilocular
multilocular: multiple lipid droplets, abundant mitochondria, central nucleus
74
# white adipose function
energy storage (lipids)
75
# white adipose appearance
chicken wire
76
# brown adipose function
thermogenesis
77
reticular tissue is characterized by abundant ____ and type ____ collagen
abundant fibers type 3 collagen
78
# reticular tissue location
bone marrow - hemapoeitic tissue lymph nodes

NYCC Histology (21 decks)

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