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Connective Tissue Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

What makes up the ECM (matrix)

A

Ground substance
Fibers

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2
Q

The most common type of fiber is…

A

Collagen

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3
Q

The ground substance is made up of ____ and _____

A

GAGs and PGs

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4
Q

The more sulfates GAGs in the ground substance, the more _____ the tissue

A

Rigid/robust

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5
Q

What is the diffusion medium of CT?

A

Ground substance

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6
Q

Besides collagen, what fibers are in the matrix?

A

Elastin

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7
Q

Amorphous proteoglycans are good at binding _____, especially the sulfated GAGs they exhibit

A

Water

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8
Q

Collagen types: most common. Present in bone, L-CT, D-CT, Dermis, tendons, capsules of organs

A

Type 1

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9
Q

Collagen types: collagen of cartilage

A

Type 2

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10
Q

Collagen types: aka reticular fibers, in dermis, in reticular lamina

A

Type 3

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11
Q

Collagen types: basal laminar collagen, non-fibrous

A

Type 4

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12
Q

What is the most abundant protein - 30% of dry body weight?

A

Collagen

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13
Q

Collagen is mostly secreted by:

A

Fibroblasts

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14
Q

What type(s) of collagen are fibrillar (make fibers)

A

Type 1,2,3

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15
Q

What type of collagen forms the basal lamina of the basement membrane

A

Type 4

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16
Q

Collagen synthesis begins at the _____ where various amino acids (typically lysine and _____) are linked together in a single stranded peptide called _______

A

rER
Proline
Procollagen alpha chains

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17
Q

In the _____, procollagen alpha chains assemble in a triple helix structure which is then called a _________

A

rER
Procollagen molecule

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18
Q

Procollagen molecules are soluble and can be stored in ______ until release

A

Fibroblasts

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19
Q

Procollagen molecules are transferred into the _____ via ______

A

Golgi apparatus
Transfer vesicles

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20
Q

In the golgi, the Procollagen molecule receives the finishing touches on its inactivation peptides. These peptides will keep the Procollagen molecules from undergoing _______ until they have been secreted

A

Fibrillogenesis

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21
Q

Procollagen peptidase cleave off the terminal peptides, transforming Procollagen into insoluble collagen molecules, which aggregate to form collagen ______

A

Fibrils

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22
Q

Procollagen w/o activation peptides

A

Tropocollagen

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23
Q

Fibrillogenesis: creating fibrils
Fibril—> ______ —> _____
E.g. (many fibrils make a _____ , many of those make a _____)

A

Fiber
Bundle

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24
Q

What forms covalent bonds between tropocollagen molecules to reinforce the fibril?

A

Lysyl oxidase

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25
These fibers have a fine branching pattern —> framework (not as bundles), act as supportive stroma
Collagen type 3
26
Collagen type 3 is found in… (8 places)
Lymphoid organs Endocrine glands Liver In basement membrane Surrounding adipocytes Small blood vessels Nerves Muscle cells
27
These fibers are secreted by fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. They are made of elastin and fibrillin
Elastic fibers
28
What forms a scaffold? Elastin binds to this scaffold to make the fiber
Fibrillin
29
Marfan’s syndrome is a mutation in …
Fibrillin gene
30
Aortic swellings (aneurysms), curved spine, excessively long limbs, crowded teeth are symptoms of what?
Marfan’s syndrome
31
What kind of cells have a spindle shaped nucleus?
Fibroblasts
32
What is the most common cell in CT?
Fibroblasts
33
Fibroblasts with more rER and golgi have what kind of nucleus?
Leptochromatic
34
Fibrocytes are ______ fibroblasts. This leads them to have a ________ nucleus.
Inactive Pachychromatic
35
What do fibroblasts do?
Secrete collagen, elastin, GAGs, PGs, ground substance
36
Scar tissue that grows beyond the boundaries of the original wound and does not regress is called?
Keloid
37
This type of cell is oval shaped and appears very granular because of the large amounts of secretory vesicles
Mast cells
38
Where are mast cells found?
Loose CT near smaller blood vessels, skin, mucosal membranes of GI and respiratory tracts
39
Mast cells originate in _______
Bone marrow
40
What do mast cells do?
Secrete heparin, histamine, serine proteases, cytokines, leukocyte chemotaxi factors
41
Mast cells secrete heparin, histamine, serine proteases, cytokines, leukocyte chemotaxi factors, etc. What is this important for?
Generating an inflammatory response
42
What kind of cells are irregularly shaped with a large leptochromatic nucleus?
Macrophages
43
What is the function of macrophages?
Remove debris at the site of inflammation or injury
44
Where are macrophages found?
CT - lungs, bone marrow, precursors of macrophages called monocytes are found in blood
45
What type of cells are ovoid shaped with a pachycromatic nucleus?
Plasma cells
46
Plasma cells are found where?
CT - originating with other blood cells in the bone marrow, blood
47
What is the function of plasma cells?
Production of immunoglobulin antibodies. The function of the antibody is to neutralize the antigen it binds to
48
What kind of CT is found under epithelia all throughout the body and a filler between muscle fibers/nerves?
Loose CT
49
Loose CT has _____ GS and ______ fibers
More Less
50
What kind of CT is predominantly made up of T1 collagen?
Dense CT
51
Dense CT has _____ GS and _____ fibers
Less More
52
Dense connective tissue function
Protects organs
53
Dominant cell type in dense CT
Fibroblasts
54
Mucoid CT is also known as …
Wharton’s Jelly
55
Where is mucoid CT found?
Umbilical cord
56
Embryonic CT has _____ fibers, _____ cells, ______ GS
Less More More
57
What is regenerative tissue of the growing embryo during embryogenesis?
Mesenchyme
58
What is reticular CT made up of?
T3 collagen and fibroblasts
59
Reticular CT has _____ collagen, _____ cells, and ____ GS
Increased Moderate Moderate
60
What kind of CT provides a framework for tissues like bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes, etc?
Reticular CT

Histology (2 decks)

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