Connective Tissue

Question 0

What do fibroblasts look like?

Answer 0

Stellate/spindle shaped

Large, granular ovoid nucleus

Question 1

What do fibroblasts do?

Answer 1

Synthesise extra cellular matrix

Replicate for repair

Question 2

What cells partly surround endothelial cells of capillaries?

Answer 2

Pericytes

Question 3

2 functions of adipocytes

Answer 3

Synthesise, store and release fat

Insulation

Question 4

2 functions of mast cells

Answer 4

Mediate the inflammatory process

Release granules

Question 5

2 functions of macrophages

Answer 5

Presents antigens to lymphocytes

Produce cytokines

Question 6

Plasma cells are

Answer 6

Mature b lymphocytes

Manufacture antibodies

Question 7

What do basophils do?

Answer 7

Release chemicals that initiate, maintain and control the inflam process

Question 8

pH of blood?

Answer 8

7.4

Question 9

Name 3 granulocytes

Answer 9

Neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils

Question 10

Name 2 agranularcytes

Answer 10

Monocytes (macrophages) and lymphocytes

Question 11

What is plasma?

Answer 11

Yellowish fluid which cells, platelets, organic compounds and electrolytes are dissolved

Question 12

Lifespan of an erythrocyte?

Answer 12

120 days

Question 13

What is haematpoeisis?

Answer 13

Manufacture of blood cells
Occurs in yolk sac and liver in fetus
Occurs in bone marrow after birth

Question 14

Name 4 cells needed to keep stem cells viable

Answer 14

Fibroblasts, endothelial cells, macrophages and far cells

Question 15

What is the growth factor for red blood cells?

Answer 15

Erythropoietin (produced in kidney)

Question 16

What can lead to anaemia?

Answer 16

Deficiencies in iron, B12, folate or erythropoietin

Question 17

What leads to decreased number of white blood cells?

Answer 17

Drug induced, autoimmune disease, viral, aplastic anaemia or acute leukemia

Question 18

What is acute leukemia?

Answer 18

Malignant disorder of blood and bone marrow

Bone marrow replaced with immature malignant blast cells (no function)

Question 19

How are platelets formed?

Answer 19

Megakaryocytes are large multinucleated cells, platelets break off from the Megakaryocyte cytoplasm

Question 20

What is the growth factor for platelets?

Answer 20

Thrombopoetin (platelet=thrombocyte)

Question 21

Platelet function and lifespan

Answer 21

Play a crucial role in haemostasis

Circulate or 6-8days then destroyed by spleen

Question 22

Injury to blood vessel wall causes what?

Answer 22

Activates tissue factor which activates coagulation

Exposed CT allows platelet binding and activation

Question 23

What does platelet activation cause?

Answer 23

Serotonin and thromboxane to cause vasoconstriction

Coagulation cascade activates thrombin which converts fibrinogen to fibrin

Question 24

What is the anti-clotting cascade?

Answer 24

Runs in parallel to control extent of thrombus Fibrinolytic (Plasminogen to plasmin)