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AP 1 > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most abundant and widely distributed tissue in the body?

A

Connective Tissue

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2
Q

What does CT consist of?

A

Cells, ground substance and fibers

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3
Q

What is the extracellular matrix composed of?

A

Ground substance and fibers

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4
Q

The matrix of CT may be in what forms?

A

fluid
semifluid
gelatinous
fibrous
calcified

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5
Q

What are immature cells called?

A

blasts

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6
Q

What are mature cells called?

A

cytes

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7
Q

What are the types of CT cells?

A

fibroblasts
macrophages
plasma cells
mast cells
adipocytes
neutrophils

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8
Q

What are fibroblasts in cartilage called?

A

chondroblasts

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9
Q

What are fibroblasts in bone called?

A

osteoblasts

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10
Q

What do macrophages do?

A

Engulf bacteria and cellular debris

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11
Q

What are the two types of macrophages?

A

fixed and wandering

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12
Q

What do plasma cells do?

A

They secrete antibodies and are part of the immune system.

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13
Q

What do mast cells do?

A

Produce histamine which dilates blood vessels.

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14
Q

What are adipocytes?

A

fat cells which store triglycerides

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15
Q

Where are adipocytes found?

A

below the skin and around organs such as heart and kidneys

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16
Q

What do neutrophils do?

A

They migrate to CT to combat pathogens

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17
Q

What is “ground substance”?

A

The part of CT between the fibers and cells

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18
Q

What does ground substance do?

A

holds water within the tissues.
Supports tissues and allows for diffusion of substances between blood vessels and cells.

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19
Q

What does ground substance contain?

A

polysaccharides and proteins

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20
Q

What is the matrix?

A

Consists of fibers embedded in ground substance

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21
Q

What are the 3 types of fibers make up the matrix?

A

collagen
elastic
reticular

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22
Q

How many types of collagen fibers are there?

A

28
(Type I is the most common)

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23
Q

Collagen is predominant in what tissues?

A

skin
bone
cartilage
tendons
ligaments

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24
Q

Collagen is resistant to what what force?

A

pulling force

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25
Collagen can be physically described as?
very tough, resistant to pulling force, flexible
26
Type I collagen is often arranged how?
In bundles (like rope)
27
Elastic fibers are made of what?
The protein elastin surrounded by fibrillin
28
How much stretch can elastic fiber withstand?
150% of resting length
29
Where are elastic fibers found in the body?
skin, blood vessels, bladder wall, lung tissue
30
What is Marfan's syndrome?
A genetic disorder of faulty elastic fiber production so tissues high in elastic fiber are weak. Can die from weakened aorta that can suddenly rupture.
31
What are reticular fibers made from?
a single collagen molecule (type IV) collagen)
32
What does reticular fiber do?
provides support and strength
33
Where are reticular fibers found?
walls of blood vessels, around nerve fibers, skeletal and smooth muscle cells
34
Reticular fibers form the stroma (framework) of which soft organs?
lymph nodes, spleen and liver
35
What are the 3 types of mature CT?
Loose CT Dense CT Cartilage
36
What are the 3 types of loose CT
Areolar CT Adipose tissue Reticular CT
37
What is a widely distributed, filler type of CT?
Areolar CT
38
What type of CT glues one type of tissue to another?
Areolar CT
39
The subcutaneous layer or hypodermis is made up of what?
areolar tissue and adipose tissue
40
What are the 2 types of adipose tissue?
white fat brown fat
41
Where is white fat found?
where ever areolar tissue is located
42
What is the function of white fat?
protection, insulation, energy storage
43
What does brown fat have?
A rich blood supply and numerous mitochondria
44
Who is brown fat extremely important for and why?
Newborns need brown fat for heat production as they have very little muscle
45
What type of CT forms part of the basement membrane?
Reticular CT
46
What is a major characteristic of loose CT?
Loosely woven fibers with many cells
47
What are 2 major characteristics of dense CT?
Thick, numerous and closely packed fibers Fewer cells than loose CT
48
What are the 3 types of dense CT
dense regular CT dense irregular CT elastic CT
49
Collagen fibers regularly arranged in bundles is what type of CT?
dense regular CT
50
Where is dense regular CT found?
tendons, ligaments and aponeuroses
51
What kind of CT contains collagen fibers that have no regular arrangement?
dense irregular CT
52
What kind of CT is found in places in the body where forces are exerted in multiple directions?
dense irregular CT
53
What kind of CT usually occurs in sheets?
dense irregular CT
54
Where is dense irregular CT typically found?
dermis of the skin facia perichondrium periosteum joint capsules heart valves
55
What kind of CT contains mostly freely branching elastic fibers?
elastic CT
56
Where is elastic CT usually found?
lungs walls of elastic arteries (aorta)
57
Which type of CT can withstand the most stress?
cartilage
58
What does cartilage consist of?
dense network of fibers chondroitin sulfate
59
What are the 3 types of cartilage?
hyaline cartilage fibrocartilage elastic cartilage
60
What is the most abundant type of cartilage?
hyaline cartilage
61
Where is hyaline cartilage found?
ends of long bones costal cartilage nose larynx trachea bronchi bronchial tubes embryonic skeleton
62
What is the strongest type of cartilage?
fribrocartilage
63
What is the dense irregular CT covering the surface of cartilage?
perichondrium
64
What is the function of fibrocartilage?
strength rigidity shock absorption
65
Where is fibrocartilage found?
pubic symphysis intervertebral discs minisci of the knees
66
Does fibrocartilage have a perichondrium?
no
67
Where is elastic cartilage found?
epiglottis external ear auditory tubes

AP 1 (11 decks)

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