Connective tissue 2 Flashcards
(24 cards)
What percentage in men and women is accounted for by adipose tissue?
Women: 20-25%
Men: 15-20%
What type of adipose tissue is the predominate type of fat in humans? What is its function?
White adipose tissue; it pads and insulates organs
Name 2 pelvic types:
Which is ideal for normal vaginal delivery?
Android (apple shape)
Gynecoid (Pear shape) is ideal
- What is the purpose of white adipose tissue?
- How are lipids stored in them?
- How are fatty acids and glycerol liberated from the adipocytes?
- It is an energy reservoir providing LOW-WEIGHT, HIGH CALORIE form of energy
- Lipids are stored in triglycerides
- Fatty acids and glycerol are liberated by nerve and hormone stimulation
What does the hormone leptin do and where is it synthesized?
Where are leptin receptors found?
It regulates the amount of fat stored in the body. It is synthesized in adipocytes of white adipose tissue.
receptors are found in brain, especially hypothalamus
What is the difference b/w white and brown fat in terms of cavities?
White fat is unilocular (ie one cavity)
Brown fat is multilocular
What is the sole purpose of brown adipose tissue? Where is it found?
heat generation,
In adults, it’s found only around deep structures (kidney);
In newborns, multilocular adipose tissue constitutes 2-5% of body weight and is distributed on neck and abdominal regions.
Brown adipose tissue AKA multilocular adipose tissue has lots of what?
mitochondria
Describe the fat, water, and protein content of white and brown adipose tissue
White: 82% fat, 15% water, 3% protein
Brown: 30% fat, 55% water, 15% protein
How are brown and white adipose tissue different w/ regard to size and capillaries?
White: 80-150nm diameter; capillary supply
Brown: 8-60nm diameter; DENSE CAPILLARY NETWORK
Define Hypertrophic vs Hyperplastic
Hypertrophic: Excessive accumulation of fat in unilocular adipocytes, increasing size of cells
Hyperplastic: Increase in the number of adipocytes
Fetal fat stores exist by ___wk of gestation.
Fat cells are added ____ and ____ puberty
30th;
Prior; During
What is the only way to reduce adipose cell number?
Liposuction;
Once adipocytes are formed, they remain for life, so you can only reduce cell size, not number, unless you get liposuction.
What are 3 main characteristics of cartilage?
What are 3 main functions?
- Abundant matrix produced by cells entrapped w/in it; 2.surrounded by fibrous PERICHONDRIUM; 3.It is AVASCULAR
- Provided support 2.participates in bone growth
- participates in articulation of bones (ie being in joints)
Define:
- Chondroblast
- Chondrocyte
- Lacuna
- Capsule
- Isogenic cell nest
- Immature cartilage cell, always in perichondrium
- mature cartilage cell
- space in cartilage occupied by chondrocyte
- Basophilic matrix surrounding each lacuna
- Cluster of chondrocytes from a division of a mature chondrocyte into daughter cells
What is perichondrium?
What are the 2 layers it has and what do they consist of?
A layer of dense irregular connective tissue surrounding cartilage.
Outer layer: Outer Fibrous layer provide protection, consists of TYPE I COLLAGEN and FIBROBLASTS
Inner layer: Inner Chondrogenic layer is source of new cartilage cells, consists of TYPE I COLLAGEN, FIBROBLASTS and OSTEOPROGENITOR CELLS
What is the composition of the matrix of the cartilage?
70% water.
Type II collagen makes up 40% of dry weight.
Glycosaminoglycans, and verious proteins and glycoproteins are also in there.
What are the 3 types of cartilage?
Hyaline, Elastic, Fibrous
Where are the 5 locations of hyaline?
What type of collagen does it have?
Ala of nose, Costal Cartilage, Respiratory tract, Fetal skeleton, Articular surfaces of synovial joints;
Hyaline contains type II collagen fibrils.
Mneumonic: All Chimpanzees Run From Alligators (twice (for type II collagen))
Where are the 4 locations of Elastic cartilage?
What type of collagen is associated with it?
Walls of external auditory canal, Auditory (eustachian) tube, External (outer) ear, Epiglottis
Type II collage PLUS ELASTIC FIBERS
Mneumonic: Winning After Ebola Epidemic
NOTE: Always associated w/ perichondrium
What type of collagen is associated with fibrocartilage?
Where is it found?
Is it associated w/ perichondrium?
Type II AND Type I collage.
Found in high stress areas.
Fibrocartilage is NEVER associated w/ periochondrium.
What are the 2 types of cartilage growth?
Appositional growth, Interstitial growth
Where and how does appositional growth of cartilage happen?
It happens in the perichondrium, at the periphery.
From osteoprogenitor cells, to chondroblasts, to chondrocytes, and then into the outer matrix.
Where and how does interstitial growth happen?
It happens in the Epiphyseal plate (end area of the bone) and w/in articular cartilage (ie joints).
No chondroblasts are involved but it is a division of pre-existing chondrocytes.
