Connective Tissue Flashcards
(72 cards)
1
Q
All connective tissue (stroma) is composed of:
A
- relatively few cells and a relatively large amount of intercellular material (ECM).
2
Q
In connective tissue, the intercellular material is
known as:
A
- extracellular matrix (ECM)
3
Q
The ECM has two components:
A
- fibers (such as collagen or elastin)
- ground substance (such as proteoglycans)
4
Q
What is the principle cell of connective tissue?
A
- fibroblasts
5
Q
What do fibroblasts produce?
A
- the fibers and the ground substance in the ECM
6
Q
The right arrow is marking out:
A
connective tissue
7
Q
The bottom black arrow is pointing to:
A
basement membrane
8
Q
The right arrow is marking out:
A
connective tissue
9
Q
Tendons and ligaments are considered what type of connective tissue?
A
- dense regular connective tissue
10
Q
Tendons connect:
A
- muscle to bone
11
Q
Tendons are composed of:
A
- collagen with just a little elastic tissue.
12
Q
Ligaments connect:
A
- bone to bone
13
Q
Ligaments are composed of:
A
- Collagen but with more elastic fibers since we want both stretch and the ability to return to the original shape
14
Q
The polyanionic properties (abundance of negative charged molecules) of ground substance enable it to:
A
- hold Na+ ions and water in the connective tissue and thus resist compression.
15
Q
Functions of connective tissue:
A
- Mechanical support.
- Exchange of metabolites.
- Storage of energy reserves.
- Endocrine functions.
- Thermogenesis.
- Protection against infection.
- Repair after injury.
16
Q
Functions of white adipose tissue:
A
- stores triglycerides that can be metabolized to produce energy
- possible endocrine function
17
Q
Functions of brown adipose tissue:
A
- heat generation/thermogenesis
18
Q
Why do connective tissues usually heal well after injury?
A
- Fibroblasts and mesenchymal cells in CT have a great capacity to proliferate in response to injury.
19
Q
Cells that reside in connective tissue:
A
- fibroblasts, mesenchymal cells, adipocytes
20
Q
Cells that migrate through connective tissue:
A
- white blood cells
21
Q
Shape of fibroblasts:
A
- Fusiform shape, long and tapered
22
Q
What are the arrows pointing to?
A
fibroblasts
23
Q
Structural features of fibroblasts:
A
- Well-developed RER and Golgi.
- Central nucleus, prominent nucleolus.
- Fusiform shape, long and tapered.
24
Q
What is the cell in the top left?
A
fibroblast cell
25
Mesenchymal cells are:
* Undifferentiated cells that retain the potential to develop into fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, adipocytes and other cells.
26
Mesenchymal cell structural features:
* Large nucleus, scant cytoplasm with just a few organelles.
27
What is the cell in the bottom left?
mesenchymal cell
28
What is this an image of?
white fat cell (EM)
29
What is this an image of?
white adipose cells
30
Structural features of white adipose cells:
* ring appearance
* one large fat droplet; an inclusion
31
Structural features of brown adipose cells:
1. Well vascularized
2. Lots of mitochondria
3. Multiple small fat droplets (inclusions)
32
What is this an image of?
brown adipose tissue
33
What is this an image of?
white and brown adipose tissue
34
How do white blood cells leave the circulation and enter the connective tissue?
* Diapedisis. A white blood cell moves through the endothelium (E) of a venule to enter the connective tissue.
35
What is this an image of?
* Diapedisis. A white blood cell moves through the endothelium (E) of a venule to enter the connective tissue.
36
Functions of macrophages:
* phagocytose bacteria, viruses, foreign material, degraded ECM components.
* presents antigens to lymphocytes.
37
What is this an image of?
macrophages in the lung
38
What is this an image of?
macrophages in connective tissue
39
What is this an image of?
* Macrophage with “foamy” cytoplasm among collagen fibers
40
What is this an image of?
macrophage
41
Mast cells contain:
* numerous secretory granules that contain vasoactive substances such as histamine.
42
Mast cells are often found along:
* small blood vessels
43
Structural features of mast cells:
* one nucleus
* lots of granules
44
What is this an image of?
mast cell in loose connective tissue
45
What is this an image of?
mast cell in loose connective tissue
46
What is this an image of?
mast cell in dense connective tissue
47
What is this an image of?
mast cell in loose connective tissue
48
Lymphocytes are:
* white blood cells that migrate into connective tissues.
49
Lymphocytes interact with macrophages in response to:
* inflammation and infection.
50
Structural features of lymphocytes:
* usually small cells, can be large
* mostly nucleus with a rim of cytoplasm
51
Large collections of lymphocytes are found in the:
* lamina propria (subepithelial connective tissue) of the respiratory and G-I tract.
52
What is this an image of?
* Diffuse lymphatic tissue (infiltrate of lymphocytes and other WBC) in the connective tissue of the intestine.
53
What is this an image of?
* lymphocytes
54
What is this an image of?
* Intraepithelial lymphocytes in the intestinal mucosa
55
What is the arrow pointing to?
* small lymphocyte
56
Function of plasma cells:
* produce antibodies
57
Structural features of plasma cells:
* basophilic cytoplasm (RER)
* cartwheel or soccer ball pattern to the heterochromatin in the nucleus.
58
What are the arrows pointing to?
* plasma cells
59
What are the arrows pointing to?
plasma cells
60
What are the arrows pointing to?
* right: plasma cell
* left: macrophage
61
Function of eosinophils:
* phagocytosis in response to parasitic infections
62
Structural features of eosinophils:
* nucleus has 2-3 lobes.
* granules have a distinctive “hamburger” shape
63
What is this an image of?
eosinophils
64
Function of neutrophils:
* phagocytosis
* first to respond to infections
65
Structural features of neutrophils:
* nucleus has 3-5 lobes.
* cytoplasmic granules present but very small
66
What are the arrows pointing to?
neutrophils
3-5 nuclear lobes
67
What is this an image of?
* thin purple lines = elastic fibers
* thick pink lines = collagen fibers
* nuclei = fibroblast nuclei
68
What is this an image of?
mast cells in dense irregular CT
69
What is this an image of?
* elastic tissue in an artery
70
What is this an image of?
reticular tissue in a lymph node
71
What is this an image of?
reticular tissue in a lymph node
72
What is this an image of?
* Mucous connective tissue with fibroblasts in the umbilical cord
