Flashcards in Connective Tissue Deck (53):
1
stroma
connective tissue that surrounds tissue component of organ
2
parenchyma
functioning part of organ
3
functions of connective tissue
1. mechanical support and protection of soft tissue
2. physiological support (molecular exchange)
a. forms a pathway for blood vessels and nerves
b. fluids of connective tissues act as a medium of exchange for metabolites between tissues and blood vessels
3. storage of energy in the form of fat
4. defense against infection
5. repair of injuries
6. maintain boundaries
7. cell adhesion and movement
4
components
fibres, ground substance, cells
5
ground substance
aqueous, tends to be removed
6
collagen properties
round and squiggly; inelastic; tensile strength; storage of strain energy; abundant
7
elastic
thin; when pulled taut, have sharp angles; can also be squiggly
8
collagen structure
molecule - glycine, proline, hydroxyproline triple helix
fibril - bundle of triple helices
fiber - bundles of fibrils
tissue - tendon, bundles of fibers
9
types of collagen (and class)
type 1 - fibrils, bones, tendons
type 2 - cartilage
type 3 - reticular fibers
type 4 - nonfibrillar (basement membrane)
10
elastic fibers properties
-strech
-flexibility
-branched
-fenestrated sheets
11
ground substance component
-glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
-proteoglycans
12
ground substance function
-molecular highway/parking lot
-molecular exchange
-hydrating molecles
- more = looser
-nutrient delivery
-cell movement (plasma, mast cells)
13
cells found in connective tissue
-fibroblasts
-macrophages
-plasma cells
-mast cells
-leukocytes
-adipocytes
14
fibroblast function
synthesize matrix
wound healing
15
fibroblast property
dense nuclei in connective tissue
large nucleus = active
16
fibrocyte
thin dense nucleus
17
macrophage
called monocyte in blood
v good at endocytosis (particle and dye)
18
mast cell
primary immune response
histamine
large cells - red/purple granules
19
plasma cell
b-lymphocyte in blood
make antibodies (sometimes see golgi bc they're working so hard)
large nucleus (clock face) --> heterochromatin
20
leukocytes
-neutrophil
-eosinophil
-lymphocyte
21
adipocyte types
unilocular, multilocular
22
unilocular
dynamic energy storage
white fat
23
multilocular
brown fat - for hibernation - in bears and such
hella mitochondria
24
classifications of connective tissue
connective tissue proper, specialised connective tissue, and supporting connective tissue
25
types of connective tissue proper
loose (areolar, mucous)
dense - regular (tendon, IEL) or irregular (everywhere)
26
types of specialised connective tissue
identification (classification):
reticular (loose), adipose (loose), elastic, hematopoietic, blood
27
what are the supporting connective tissues?
cartilage
bone
28
loose connective tissue
more nuclei than fibres
pale, pinkish colour
29
areolar connective tissue
loose connective tissue
abundant but hard to see - fibres easily visible when ground substance removed
diverse cell population: fibroblasts, lymphocytes, leukocytes
30
mucous connective tissue
loose
spare cells (no leukocytes)
more ground substance than fibres
fibroblasts
collagen, no elastin
umbilical cord
31
reticular connective tissue - what type collagen? what class of connective tissue? characterise it. where is it found?
reticular fibres
type 3 collagen
specialised connective tissue
loose connective tissue
found in soft cellular tissues (lung/liver/lymphoid)
32
adipose connective tissue
each cell has single fat vacuole
white fat
energy storage
33
multilocular
each cell has many fat vacuoles
shivering
generate heat
34
dense irregular connective tissue
more fibres than ground substance
more fibres than nuclei
mostly collagen
disorganized appearance, no pattern
few cells - most are fibroblasts
dermis of skin
under most epi
resists stress in multiple directions
35
dense regular connective tissue
more fibres than ground substance (nuclei)
mostly collagen + elastin
organization repetitiveness
few cells - fibrocytes
tendons, ligaments
resists stress in 1 direction (fibres are oriented)
36
what are the cells in cartilage? what do they rest in?
chondrocytes; lacunae
37
what are the two matrices of cartilage? what relative colours do they each stain?
territorial - darker
interstitial - lighter
38
ground substance
no blood vessels or nerves
passive diffusion of nutrients limits size
39
fibers associated
collagen
elastin
40
hyaline cartilage
supportive, protective, growth - precursor of bone
spare cells
isogeneous groups are obvious
dense irregular connective tissue
41
characterize hyaline cartilage
dense irregular connective tissue
42
identify a type of hyaline cartilage
perichondrium
43
elastic cartilage
supportive
cells closely packed
isogeneous groups NOT obvious
dense irregular connective tissue
44
characterize elastic cartilage
dense irregular connective tissue
45
identify a type of elastic cartilage
perichondrium
46
perichondrium
consisting of elastic cartilage and hyaline
47
fibrocartilage
protective
sparse cells
isogeneous groups in ROWS
red nuclei
dense arrow of collagen fibers
ALWAYS blue stain w red nuclei
48
connective tissue diseases
sarcoma
Ehler's-Danlos
Stickler's syndrome
Marfans
scurvy
49
sarcoma
occurs in people w AIDS, but rare otherwise
50
Ehler's-Danlos
collagen mutation
51
stickler's syndrome
causes cleft palate mutation
52
marfan's
mutations in fibrillin
53