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Connective Tissue Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the types of connective tissue cells?

A

Migrant cells

Resident cells

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2
Q

What are resident cells?

A

Cells that stay in one place are resident cells

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3
Q

Examples of resident cells?

A

Fibroblast
Myofibroblast
Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Adipose Tissue

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4
Q

What are migrant cells?

A

Cells that move from one place to another

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5
Q

Examples of Migrant cells

A

Macrophage
Plasma Cells
Mast cells
Leukocytes

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6
Q

What does the ECM of connective tissue contain?

A

Ground Substances

Fibers

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7
Q

What is the composition of the ground substance?

A

Glycosaminoglycan and Glycoprotein

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8
Q

What are some GAGs?

A 
Heparan Sulfate
Hyaluronic acid
Chondroitin sulfate
Dermatan Sulfate
Keratan Sulfate
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9
Q

What are some Glycoproteins?

A

Fibronectin
Osteonectin
Laminin
Chondronectin

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10
Q

What are the fibers of the ECM?

A

Collagen fibers
Reticular fibers
Elastic fibers

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11
Q

Name three types of collagen.

A

Fibril forming
Network forming
Fibril Associated

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12
Q

Type I is found in

A 
Skin
Bone
Tendon
Blood vessels
Cornea
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13
Q

Type I collagen is associated with?

A

Collagen V

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14
Q

Type II collagen is found in

A

Cartilage
Intervertebral disc
Vitreous body

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15
Q

Type II is associated with what collagen?

A

Type XI

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16
Q

Type III Collagen is found in

A

Blood vessels
Skin
Muscle

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17
Q

What are the examples of fibrin forming collagen?

A

Type I, II, III, V and XI

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18
Q

Type IV Collagen is found in?

A

Basement membrane

External lamina of Adipocytes, Schwann cells, smooth and skeletal muscle cells.

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19
Q

Type VIII collagen is found in?

A

Corneal and Vascular epithelium

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20
Q

Type IV and Type VIII are included in what type of collagen?

A

Network forming

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21
Q

Type IX collagen is found in?

A

Cartilage

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22
Q

Type XII is found in?

A

Ligaments
Tendon
Skin
Placenta

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23
Q

Type VII is found in?

A

Basement membrane

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24
Q

Type XII is found in?

A

Placenta

BOne

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25
Fibril Associated collagen types?
IX and XII
26
Reticular Fibers characteristics
Thinner than collagen fibers THey branch Made of type III collagen Black Stained (Periodic Acid Schiff)
27
Collagen Fibers characteristics?
Type I collagen The bundles of collagen fibers branch but the individual fiber doesn't Flexible Inelastic
28
Elastic Fibers characteristic
Highly elastic and thin Branch and rejoin to form a network Stained by Weigert's Resorcin Fuchsin stain
29
Reticular fibers are the supporting framework of what organs?
``` Lymph node Spleen Bone Marrow Liver Endocrine glands ```
30
Endomysium and Endoneurium have what type of fibers?
Reticular fibers | They are made of Collagen Type III
31
What is the function of reticular fibers in loose connective tissue?
They connect the epithelium and the connective tissue.
32
What cells produce reticular fibers?
1. In bone marrow and lymphoid organs - Reticular Cells 2. In Endoneurium - Schwann Cells 3. In Muscularis of Gastrointestinal tract and Tunica media - smooth muscle
33
The space between the collagen molecule is called?
Lacunar Zone
34
What cells produce elastic fibers?
Fibroblast and smooth muscle cells
35
Stage 1 of the elastic fiber developmental product is called?
Oxytalan
36
What is Oxytalan?
Bundle of microfibril (fibrillin)
37
Where is Oxytalan found?
Dermis Periodontal ligament of the teeth Suspensory ligament of the eye
38
Stage 2 of the elastic fiber developmental product is called?
Elaunin
39
What is ELaunin?
Elastin with fibrillin
40
Where is Elaunin found?
Dermis | Periodontal ligament of the teeth
41
Stage 3 of the elastic fiber developmental product is called?
Elastic fiber (90% of the amorphous elastic fibers)
42
What gives elastic fiber its rubber-like characteristics?
Desmosine and Isodesmosine
43
Where are Elastic Fibers found?
Lungs Ligamentum Flavum of the vertebral column Blood Vessels (Stage 1 - Fenestrated membrane)
44
Fibroblasts function
Produce and maintain the Connective tissue fibers and matrix.
45
Inactive fibroblast characteristics
Ovoid shape Rod-shaped nucleus slightly eosinophilic
46
Active fibroblast characteristics?
Spindle shape Ovoid nucleus Basophilic
47
Myofibroblast characteristics
They are identical to fibroblasts | They are active in wound healing and wound contraction
48
White Adipocyte is present in?
Thigh, Axilla, Buttocks (TAB) Greater Omentum, Mesentery, Retroperitoneally Palm and Soles
49
White adipocyte is stored in the subcutaneous tissue, it is known as
Panniculus Adiposus
50
White adipocyte characteristics
It is unilocular and not fully divided by connective tissue septa
51
Brown Adipose Tissue characteristics
It is multilocular highly vascular Abundant mitochondria
52
Brown Adipocytes are found in?
Posterior triangle of the neck Around Abdominal aorta somewhere in Mediastinum somewhere around Kidneys
53
The function of Brown Adipocyte
It induces non-shivering thermogenesis by the help of thermogenin and the ATP is replaced by heat energy.
54
Macropahges characteristics
Inactive Macrophage - Fusiform Active macrophage - Large oval cell with KIDNEY-SHAPED NUCLEUS. Nucleus darker than fibroblast's nucleus
55
From where do fibroblasts and Adipocytes come from?
Mesenchymal Stem Cells | They are arranged around the blood vessels as Pericytes.
56
Langerhans cells are found in?
EPIDERMIS of the skin
57
Dendritic cells are found in?
Lymph node and spleen
58
Function of Macrophage
Phagocytosis Antigen Presentation with MHC II to the lymphocytes Produce IL-1 to proliferate the lymphocytes Produce TNF-alpha to kill cancer cells
59
What is a multinuclear giant cell?
Fusion of macrophages that creates a big dangerous cell that can digest anything, like anything left by a surgeon.
60
What is Epitheloid tissue?
If the bacterium (Treponema palladium or Tuberculosis Bacteria) is not digestible then the macrophages form a wall around it so that the infection doesn't spread.
61
Mast cell characteristics
OVOID cell with SPHERICAL NUCLEUS | SHow metachromasia due to heparin
62
What are the primary mediators of inflammation that are produced by mast cells?
``` Histamine Heparin ECF NCF Tryptase and Chymase ```
63
What are the secondary mediators of inflammation that are produced by mast cells?
Leukotriene C4, D4, E4 TNF Prostaglandin D2 Other Interleukins
64
Types of Embryonic Connective Tissue?
``` Mesenchymal Stem Cells (star-shaped cells having reticular fibers) Mucoid Tissue (the intermediate between the mesenchyme and the adult tissue) ```
65
What is Wharton's jelly?
It is mucoid tissue surrounding the blood vessels in the umbilical cord
66
What is in mucoid tissue?
Type I and Type II collagen Hyaluronic Acid (It is a soft jelly) And some fibroblasts
67
Types of Connective tissue?
Loose Tissue Dense Irregular Tissue Dense Regular Tissue Dense REgular Elastic Tissue
68
Location of Loose or Areolar Connective Tissue
Lamina Propria | Endotendineum
69
Location of Dense Irregular Connective tissue?
The dermis of the skin Organ Capsule Submucosa Epitendineum
70
Location of Dense Regular Connective Tissue?
Ligaments Aponeurosis Corneal Stroma Tendon
71
Dense Regular Elastic Connective tissue?
True Vocal Cords Ligamentum flavum Suspensory ligament of the penis
72
Hyaline Cartilage Example
``` Nose Articular Surfaces Costal Cartilage Trachea Bronchi Epiphyseal cartilage Initial Skeleton of the fetus ```
73
WHat is in cartilage?
Chondrocytes Chondroitin sulfate Hyaluronic Acid Collagen
74
What are the examples of fibrocartilage?
``` Sternoclavicular joint Pubic Symphysis Menisci of the knee Intervertebral discs Glenoid Labrum Acetabular labrum ```
75
Examples of Elastic Cartilage
``` Ear Epiglottis External Auditory Meatus Auditory tubule Small cartilage of the larynx ```
76
ECM of hyaline cartilage
Type II collagen and a small amount of XI collagen | Highly hydrated that's why it has a high degree of resilience.
77
What is the pericellular matrix?
around the chondrocyte and it is devoid of Collagen II and full of sulfated proteoglycans
78
What is the Territorial matrix?
around the pericellular matrix and it has little collagen II and some proteoglycan
79
What is the interterritorial matrix?
between the territorial matrix and it has a lot of collagen II and XI and less sulfated proteoglycans
80
What is the arrangement of chondrocyte in the hyaline cartilage
Spherical Near the periphery of the cartilage, they are elliptical In the subperichondrial region, they are elongated
81
What is in fibrocartilage?
``` Type I collagen fibers Glycoproteins Hyaluronan Aggrecan IT IS NOT COVERED BY PERICHONDRIUM ```
82
What is in Elastic Cartilage?
``` Type II collagen ELastic fibers Aggrecan Fibronectin IT IS COVERED BY TWO LAYERS OF PERICHONDRIUM ```

Histology (11 decks)

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