Connective Tissue & Epithelium

Question 1

What are reticular fibers formed by?

Answer 1

Type III collagen

Question 2

What fibers are very thin and are argyrophilic (silver-liking)?

Answer 2

Reticular fibers

Question 3

What color are reticular fibers shown as in tissue (exp. in lymph node)?

Answer 3

Black

Question 4

These fibers form the framework of lymph nodes and the spleen?

Answer 4

Reticular fibers

Question 5

Reticular fibers compose the _____________, which underlies the basal lamina of the epithelium

Answer 5

Reticular lamina

Question 6

What are the 2 types of connective tissue cells?

Answer 6

Resident & Permanent

Question 7

Which cells are resident cells?

Answer 7

Fibroblasts, adipose, mast cells, macrophages, & other cells (exp. osteoblasts)

Question 8

Which cells are permanent cells?

Answer 8

Plasma cells & leukocytes

Question 9

Which cells are born in the bone marrow and migrate to connective tissue? (They are considered resident cells)

Answer 9

Mast cells & macrophages

Question 10

What is the most abundant cell types in connective tissue?

Answer 10

Fibroblasts

Question 11

What cells make the ECM (ground substance & fibers)/

Answer 11

Fibroblasts

Question 12

Contractile cells that contain bundles of actin microfilaments and dense bodies similar to those of smooth muscle cells

Answer 12

Myofibroblasts

Question 13

Type of cells found around the kidneys, adrenal glands, aorta, neck and mediastinum

Answer 13

Brown fat

Question 14

What are adipose cells derived from?

Answer 14

Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells

Question 15

What type of cells have sympathetic nerve terminals?

Answer 15

Brown fat

Question 16

Mesenchymal cells can become what types of cells?

Answer 16

Lipoblast or Fibroblast

Question 17

What transports triglycerides in the blood from liver and intestine?

Answer 17

Lipoproteins (chylomicrons & VLDLs)

Question 18

What are lipoproteins broken down into & by what enzyme?

Answer 18

LPL, into free FA’s & glycerol

Question 19

What are tissue macrophages derived from?

Answer 19

Blood-borne monocytes

Question 20

What occurs in response to foreign things or in some pathological conditions (tuberculosis, granulomas)?

Answer 20

Macrophages fuse to form large multinucleated cells

Question 21

Large, ovoid cells with numerous cytoplasmic granules

Answer 21

Mast cells

Question 22

What do mast cells release?

Answer 22

Granules containing: Histamine & slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis, Eosinophil & Neutrophil Chemotactic Factors, Heparin (anticoagulant)

Question 23

Where are mast cells typically found?

Answer 23

Along blood vessels

Question 24

Antibody producing cells derived from B-lymphocytes

Answer 24

Plasma cells

Question 25

Cells common in loose connective tissue of the gut and glands

Answer 25

Plasma cells

Question 26

What cells have an eccentric nucleus with "clockface" chromatin?

Answer 26

Plasma cells

Question 27

What contains desmosine & isodesmosine?

Answer 27

Elastic fibers

Question 28

What is the function of desmosine?

Answer 28

Allows stretching

Question 29

Mast cells have receptors for what?

Answer 29

IgE

Question 30

What is IgE produced by and what is it made in response to?

Answer 30

Plasma cells, made in response to an antigen (exp. been venom)

Question 31

What occurs during second exposure to an antigen?

Answer 31

Antigen binds to IgE receptors on the mast cell, triggering mast cell degranulation

Question 32

Where are plasma cells commonly found?

Answer 32

Gut loose connective tissue

Question 33

What cells are wandering cells of connective tissue?

Answer 33

Lymphocytes & Granulocytes (neutrophils & eosinophils)

Question 34

What is another name for neutrophils?

Answer 34

Polymorphonuclear cells

Question 35

Presence of this cell is part of immune surveillance system

Answer 35

Lymphocytes

Question 36

What is the function of B & T lymphocytes?

Answer 36

B - gives rise to plasma cells that synthesize immunoglobulin T - involved in cell-mediated immunity

Question 37

What is the function of NK cells?

Answer 37

Destroy virus infected cells and some tumor cells

Question 38

Granulocytes with segmented nuclei

Answer 38

Neutrophils

Question 39

What are the first cells to arrive at a site of acute inflammation?

Answer 39

Neutrophils

Question 40

What cells leave circulation by a process called diapedesis (leaves endothelium and enters blood vessels)?

Answer 40

Neutrophils

Question 41

What is pus?

Answer 41

An accumulation of dead neutrophils

Question 42

What cells are active phagocytes that are sometimes called microphages? They can phagocytose some bacteria

Answer 42

Neutrophils

Question 43

Cell that have a bilobed nucleus and are named because of their large red granules

Answer 43

Eosinophils

Question 44

These cells are associated with: Allergic reactions Parasitic infections Chronic inflammatory processes

Answer 44

Eosinophils

Question 45

These cells are often found in the lamina propria of the gut and increase with chronic inflammation

Answer 45

Eosinophils

Question 46

These cells are drawn in in by mast cells

Answer 46

Eosinophils

Question 47

What underlies most epithelia and is found around glands?

Answer 47

Loose connective tissue

Question 48

What cells are found in loose connective tissue?

Answer 48

``` Mast cells Plasma cells Macrophages Lymphocytes Fibroblasts ```

Question 49

What cells are found in dense irregular CT?

Answer 49

Mostly fibroblasts

Question 50

What tissue has fiber bundles organized in many directions to resist stresses in many directions?

Answer 50

Dense irregular CT

Question 51

What cells are found in dense regular CT?

Answer 51

Predominantly fibroblasts

Question 52

What tissue has organized bundles of collagen fibers (bundles organized in direction of stress)?

Answer 52

Dense regular CT

Question 53

Where is epitendineum found?

Answer 53

At the top of dense regular tissue