Connective Tissue Proper

Question 1

Loose connective Tissue

Answer 1

Exists on with loose irregular fiber content

Question 2

Dense connective tissue

Answer 2

Exists with dense irregular fiber content

Exists with dense regular fiber content

Question 3

What are some of the specialized forms of loose connective tissue?

Answer 3

Embryonic connective tissue
-mesenchyme
-mucous connective tissue 
Lymphoma-reticular tissue
Adipose tissue

Question 4

What are some genera characteristics of connective tissue?

Answer 4

Mesodermal origin
Supports/interfaces other tissues in organs
They are dispersed
Highly vascularized

Question 5

The most abundant form of collagenous connective tissue is?

Answer 5

Loose connective tissue

Question 6

What are the components of loose connective tissue?

Answer 6

Cells

Extra cellular matrix

Question 7

Cells of loose connective tissue are?

Answer 7

Sparely distributed

Functions are extremely important

Question 8

In loose connective tissue what are the components of the extracellular matrix?

Answer 8

Extracellular fibers
-collagenous fibers
-reticular fibers
-elastic fibers
Ground substance
-glycosaminoglycans
-proteoglycans=GAGs bound to the protein core
-multi adhesive glycoproteins

Question 9

What are resident cells?

Answer 9

Cells that do not move

Question 10

Name some resident cells.

Answer 10

Fibroblasts
Macrophages
Adipocytes
Mast cells
Adult stem cells

Question 11

What are transient cells?

Answer 11

Cells that migrate into the tissue from the blood in response to specific stimuli

Question 12

Name some transient cells.

Answer 12

Plasma cells
Lymphocytes
Eosinophils 
Basophils
Monocytes

Question 13

What are fibroblasts?

Answer 13

The principle cell of the connective tissue

Question 14

Fibroblasts are responsible for the synthesis of what?

Answer 14

Collagen fibers
Elastic Fibers
Reticular fibers
The complex carbohydrates of the ground substance

Question 15

Define fibrocytes.

Answer 15

Inactive form of fibroblasts

Fibroblasts re the activated form

Question 16

What do plasma cells do?

Answer 16

Produce antibodies

Question 17

What is special about the nucleus of plasma cells?

Answer 17

The nucleus lies off to one side of the cell in an eccentric position.

Question 18

Describe a Mast cell.

Answer 18

They have a centrally located oval nucleus

Granulated cytoplasm

Question 19

In Mast cells what do the Granules contain?

Answer 19

Histamine
Heparin
Proteases
Chemotatic factors

Question 20

What are the newly made mediators of mast cells?

Answer 20

Leukotriens
TNF (alpha)
Interleukins

Question 21

Mast cells express high affinity _____ receptors for _____ on the cell surface

Answer 21

Fc, IgE

Question 22

What is the function of Mast cells?

Answer 22

Mediate immune response to foreign antigens

-involved in allergic reactions

Question 23

What is a macrophage?

Answer 23

Phagocytic cells derived from monocytes

Question 24

What do macrophages express on the cell surface?

Answer 24

Major Histocompatibility Complex II (MHC Class II)

-antigen presenting cells

Question 25

What is the job of macrophages?

Answer 25

Maintenance and repair of tissues | The body's defense against invading microorganisms

Question 26

What are the two types of Adipose tissue?

Answer 26

White | Brown

Question 27

Describe white adipose tissue

Answer 27

Adipose test are untilocular-store neutral fat | Source of stem cells

Question 28

Description brown adipose tissue

Answer 28

Multilocular Abundant in newborns Specialized for temperature regulation

Question 29

What are the three extracellular fibers?

Answer 29

Collagenous fiber Elastic fiber Reticular fiber

Question 30

What is the most abundant type of connective tissue fibers?

Answer 30

Collagen fibers

Question 31

What is the most abundant structural component of the connective tissue?

Answer 31

Collagen fibers

Question 32

What types of collagen are predominant?

Answer 32

1,2,or 3

Question 33

What are reticular fibers composed of?

Answer 33

Type 3 collagen

Question 34

What is the job of reticular fibers?

Answer 34

Provide a supporting framework for the cellular constituents of various tissues and organs

Question 35

What makes elastic fibers?

Answer 35

They are produced by fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells

Question 36

What do elastic fibers contain?

Answer 36

The proteins elastin and fibillin

Question 37

What are the main functional components of dense regular connective tissue?

Answer 37

Tendon and ligaments

Question 38

How are the fibers arranged dense regular connective tissue?

Answer 38

Arranged in parallel array and densely packed

Question 39

What is the most abundant protein in the body?

Answer 39

Collagen

Question 40

What percentage of the collage in the body is type 1?

Answer 40

90%

Question 41

What is the basic subunit collagen fiber formation?

Answer 41

Collagen molecules

Question 42

In collagen synthesis what are the two types of events?

Answer 42

``` Intracellular events -precursors are made Extracellular events -collagen molecules are formed -collagen fibrils and fibers are formed ```

Question 43

In collagen synthesis what happens in intracelluar events?

Answer 43

Nucleus: transcription Ribosomes: translation -protein synthesis of preprocollagen (alpha-1 and alpha-2) Lumen of RER -signal peptides are cleaved -> Pro-alpha chains -hydrolxation of lysine and proline occurs (vitamin C dependent) -Glycosylation of specific hydroxyl-lysine residues occurs -Triple-Helical structure is formed -> Procollagen Golgi: Procollagen is packed and secreted by exocytosis

Question 44

What are some extracellular events in collagen synthesis?

Answer 44

N and C terminal propeptides are cleaved -> molecular collagen filaments Collagen filaments associate laterally and are cross-linked to produce fibrils Local production of many fibrils -> fibers

Question 45

What is scurvy?

Answer 45

Defects in collagen synthesis due to Vitamin C deficiency

Question 46

What is Marfan syndrome?

Answer 46

Defects in the synthesis of the fibrillin component of elastic fibers