connective tissues

Question 1

What is the primary function of connective tissue?

Answer 1

It binds, supports and strengthens other body tissues.

Question 2

What is a major transport system of the body?

Answer 2

Blood is a connective tissue.

Question 3

What is a major site of stored energy reserves in the body?

Answer 3

Fat or adipose tissue.

Question 4

Where is connective tissue NOT found?

Answer 4

On body surfaces.

Question 5

What can connective tissue be in terms of vascularity?

Answer 5

Highly vascular, with exceptions like cartilage and tendons.

Question 6

What does connective tissue consist of?

Answer 6

Extracellular matrix (ECM) and cells.

Question 7

What are the two main components of the extracellular matrix (ECM)?

Answer 7

Ground substance and protein fibres.

Question 8

What are the three major types of protein fibres found in the ECM?

Answer 8

• Collagen fibres
• Reticular fibres
• Elastic fibres

Question 9

What is the composition of ground substance in connective tissue?

Answer 9

• Water
• Proteins
• Polysaccharides

Question 10

What are glycosaminoglycans (GAGS) also known as?

Answer 10

Mucopolysaccharides.

Question 11

What do glycosaminoglycans form when they join with core proteins?

Answer 11

Proteoglycans.

Question 12

What is an example of a non-sulphated GAG?

Answer 12

Hyaluronic acid.

Question 13

True or False: Hyaluronic acid is sulphated and covalently bound to a core protein.

Answer 13

False.

Question 14

What is the role of hyaluronic acid in the body?

Answer 14

Binds cells together, lubricates joints, and maintains the shape of the eyeball.

Question 15

What does chondroitin sulphate support?

Answer 15

Provides adhesive features of cartilage, bone, skin, and blood vessels.

Question 16

What type of connective tissue is adipose tissue?

Answer 16

Loose connective tissue.

Question 17

What is the primary role of fibroblasts?

Answer 17

Secrete components of the matrix (fibres and ground substance).

Question 18

What type of connective tissue cells are macrophages?

Answer 18

Phagocytic cells.

Question 19

What are the two types of mature connective tissues?

Answer 19

• Loose connective tissue
• Dense connective tissue

Question 20

What type of connective tissue is characterized by a dense network of collagen and elastic fibres?

Answer 20

Cartilage.

Question 21

What is the basic unit of compact bone called?

Answer 21

Osteon.

Question 22

What are the four parts of an osteon?

Answer 22

• Lamellae
• Lacunae
• Canaliculi
• Central (Haversian) canal

Question 23

What is the function of osteoclasts?

Answer 23

Break down bone.

Question 24

What is the difference between compact bone and spongy bone?

Answer 24

• Compact bone: dense and contains osteons
• Spongy bone: porous and lacks osteons

Question 25

What genetic condition is associated with a defect in elastic fibres?

Answer 25

Marfan Syndrome.

Question 26

What do elastic fibres consist of?

Answer 26

Elastin surrounded by the glycoprotein fibrillin.

Question 27

What are the two subtypes of loose connective tissue?

Answer 27

* Areolar connective tissue * Adipose connective tissue

Question 28

What type of connective tissue is characterized by closely packed collagen fibres?

Answer 28

Dense regular connective tissue.

Question 29

What are the functions of blood as a connective tissue?

Answer 29

Transport nutrients, gases, and waste throughout the body.

Question 30

What type of connective tissue is blood classified as?

Answer 30

Liquid connective tissue.

Question 31

What is the composition of blood connective tissue?

Answer 31

Blood connective tissue consists of blood plasma (a liquid extracellular matrix) and formed elements (red cells, white cells, and platelets) ## Footnote Formed elements of blood include erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.

Question 32

What is the primary function of erythrocytes?

Answer 32

Erythrocytes transport oxygen and carbon dioxide ## Footnote Erythrocytes are also known as red blood cells (RBC).

Question 33

What role do leukocytes play in the body?

Answer 33

Leukocytes combat disease ## Footnote They include several types, each with specific functions.

Question 34

What are the functions of neutrophils and monocytes?

Answer 34

Neutrophils and monocytes (macrophages) are phagocytic, engulfing bacteria ## Footnote Phagocytosis is a process where cells ingest harmful particles.

Question 35

What substances do basophils and mast cells release?

Answer 35

Basophils and mast cells release substances like histamine that intensify the inflammatory reaction ## Footnote Basophils are mobile, while mast cells mature and become fixed in tissues.

Question 36

What are eosinophils effective against?

Answer 36

Eosinophils are effective against certain parasitic worms and in acute allergic responses ## Footnote They play a role in the immune system.

Question 37

What is the function of lymphocytes?

Answer 37

Lymphocytes are involved in the immune response ## Footnote They include T cells and B cells, which are crucial for adaptive immunity.

Question 38

What is the role of platelets in blood?

Answer 38

Platelets are involved in clotting ## Footnote They are derived from megakaryocytes in red marrow.

Question 39

What is the basic structure of connective tissue?

Answer 39

Connective tissue is composed of cells and the matrix between ## Footnote The matrix can include fibers and ground substance.

Question 40

Fill in the blank: Blood connective tissue consists of blood plasma and _______.

Answer 40

formed elements ## Footnote Formed elements include red cells, white cells, and platelets.

Question 41

True or False: Erythrocytes have a nucleus.

Answer 41

False ## Footnote Erythrocytes (red blood cells) do not contain a nucleus.

Question 42

What are the main types of leukocytes?

Answer 42

* Neutrophils * Monocytes * Basophils * Eosinophils * Lymphocytes ## Footnote Each type has distinct roles in the immune system.