CONNECTIVE TX Flashcards
(19 cards)
list THREE general functions of CT
- connect/bind/support tx + organs [tendons, dermis, ligaments]
- form skeleton [bone + cartilage]
- store energy [adipose tx]
list the FIVE basic components of soft CT
- ground substance
- molecular material - fills space between cells + fibres - fibres
- collagen, reticular, elastic - cells
- fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, mat cells, macrophages, wandering inflammatory cells [lymphocytes, neutrophils] - vessels
- arteries, veinsm arterioles, capillaries + lymphatic vessels - nerves
- periphery nervous tx
describe the composition of collagen, what cells its produced by and what types of CT its found in
- most abundant protein in body [30%]
- main AAs forming collagen
glycine 33.5%
proline 12%
hydroxyproline 10%
prod by
- fibroblasts, osteoblastsm chondorblasts, odontoblasts, cementoblasts
found in diff forms of CT
1. long-fibril forming collagens [type 1,2,3,5,11]
2. fibril assoc collagens [type 9,12,14]
3. collagens that form networks [type 4 - basal lamina]
4. collagens that form anchoring fibrils [type 7]
what types of collagen are most common and where are they typically found
types 1-5 are the most common, making up the majority of the collagen in the body
type 1
- most abundnat
- found in skin, bones, ligaments, tendons, other CT
type 2
- primarily in cartilage, supporting joints and providing flexibility
type 3
- supports muscles, organsm BVs, often found with type 1
type 4
- found in layers and membranes of skin
- basal lamina
type 5
- found in cornea, hair, skin, placenta
list the FIVE types of soft CT
- CT proper
- elastic CT
- reticular CT
- adipose CT
- mucous CT
describe the THREE types of CT proper
- loose type
* beneath lining epi. of mouth, skin, gut
* also found in glands, peritoneal and pleural cavities
* in areas between muscle bundles and arround BVs and nerves
* support but flexible
* mix of all CT components and well vascularised - dense regular type
* characterised by high density of parallel collagen fibres + aligned fibroblasts
* strong unidirectional tensile strength
* found in tendons/ligaments –> parallel arrangement allows resistance to pulling forces - dense irregular type
* dense bundles of collagen fibres in random arrangment + fibroblasts NOT ALIGNED
* provides multidirectional support
* eg TMJ disc
describe elastic soft CT
- consist of microfibrils + variable amts of elastin protein
THREE types
1. oxytalan fibres
- microfibrils ONLY
- resists stretching
- found in skin + PDL
- eluanan fibres
- oxytalan + some elastic protein - elastic fibres
- fully stretchable/recoverable fibres
describe reticular soft CT
- contains v fine type 3 collagen fibres = forms scaffolding of fibrous CT in certain organs and tx
- CANNOT be seen in H&E stained sections [needs special stain eg silver to see w optical microscope]
found in
* smoo.musc
* endoneurium
* bone marrow
* liver
* spleen
* lymph nodes
describe ground substance and its functions
complex of molecular materials + water which fills space between cells and fibres in CT
- water
- adhesion proteins [GPs- fibronectin + laminin]
- PGs + GAGs
not visible/stained in H&E staining
- however occupies unstained spaces between CT, collagen fibres, nucleus
functions
1. structural
* contributes to organ/tx shape/form
- binding and adhesion
* eg of collagen fibres or cells –> ECM - molecular sieve
* nutrients diffuse between blood capillaies and cells - reservoir
* for hormones + growth factors
glycoproteins are a ____ core with branched ____ [] molecules
protwin core w branches saccharide [sugar] molecules
eg laminin, fibronectin, entatin
[proteins w attached carbohydrate groups]
proteoglycans are a ____ core with attached ____
PGS can join, forming large molecules of ____
T or F
GAGs and PGs are hydrophobic
GAGs are ____ molecules with repeating sequences of ____
- PGs are a protein core with attached glycosaminoglycans [GAGs]
- they can join to form large aggrecan molecules
- F - GAGs and PGs are very hydrophilic
- GAGs = carbohydrate molecules w repeating sequences of dissacharides
fibroblasts are the most common cells in fibrous CT, they’re responsible for:
1. list function
2. list function
- responsible for prod of all ECM constituents [ground substance + fibres + growth factors]
- can also catabolise collagen and ground sub. components
list the four cellular compartments of fibrous CT
- fibroblasts [+fibrocytes, myofibroblasts. stem cells]
- mast cells
- inflmamatory cells [immune cells]
- adipose
note there are also other cell types in CT found in assoc w their structures eg
lymphatics + BV = endothelial cells,
peripheral nerves = schwann cells
differentiate fibroblasts, fibrocytes and myofibroblasts
fibroblasts
= active cell
fibrocytes
= inactive cell
myofibroblasts
= fibroblasts w contractile actin filaments in cytoplasm
allows contraction [important in wound healing]
differentiate between monocytes, macrophages, and histocytes
macrophages are referred to by different names, assoc with where they are found
monocytes
- in blood
macrophages
- in tx
histocytes
- in normal fibrous CT
in a field of inflammation, monocytes that enter tx from blood = macrophages
police cells
describe where mast cells are derived from, its two types + where they are found and its functions
- derived from bone marrow
two types
1. mucosal mast cells
- gut mucosa, lungs, oral mucosa
- CT mast cells
- skin, periotneum
- contains heparin anticoagulant
functions
1. packed w small granules filled w chemical mediators that release –> ECM when cell is damaged [contains heparin+histamine]
2. also prod other mediators of inflammation
3. immune hypersensitivities eg hay fever, anaphylaxis are mediated by mast cells
(respond to threats against pathogens/allergic reactions –> release chemical mediators which attract immune cells to site of injury = bring BF, nutrients, oxygen
can also release chemicals that kill pathogens
macrophages give rise to ____ cells eg ____
give rise to different types of multinucleated cells eg osteoclasts
adipose cells are the body’s ____ but also act as ____ + ____ to produce a range of ____
thye make up ____ of BW in females and ____ BW in males
adipose cells are large, filled with either
1. x
2. x
body’s largst energy store [triglycerides], but also act as secretory and endocrine like tx to prod a range of proteins
make up
15-20% BW in males
20-25% BW in females
filled w either
1. a large unilocular large fat droplet [white/yellow fat]
2. mulilocular small droplets [brown fat in infnats]
when there is disease present, list FIVE other cell types that can be found in CT
(not found in normal components)
- lymphocytes - T&B cells
- plasma cells
(polymorphonuclear leukocytes]
3. neutrophils
4. basophils
5. eosinophils
