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GCSE History > Conquers and conquerors > Flashcards

Conquers and conquerors Flashcards

1
Q

What religion were the vikings?

A

Heathen non chrisitan

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2
Q

What religion is the anglo saxons?

A

Christian

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3
Q

What unified the anglo saxons?

A

christianity

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4
Q

How did the vikings rule?

A

Through danelaw

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5
Q

What did normans introduce in terms of Ideas?

A

Chivalry and Feudalism

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6
Q

What did the vikings develop in terms of technology?

A

Viking longships with better technology for exploration and transportation.

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7
Q

What was the domesday book?

A

The Domesday Book is a detailed survey and record of land, property, and resources in England, commissioned by William the Conqueror in 1086 to assess taxes and resources.

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8
Q

When was the first Viking attack on the island?

A

793 at Lindisfarne

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9
Q

What was the main reason for Viking invasion?

A

Economic resources- They wanted to gain wealth

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10
Q

Why did vikings invade monasteries?

A

They had large donations of gold and precious objects and monks could be sold as slaves as they did not fight back.

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11
Q

What was one other reason why it was easy for vikings to attack England?

A

It was politically divided and some areas became easier to attack. The Saxons weren’t united so it was harder for them to win against the saxons.

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12
Q

Why did the reason for Viking invasion change after 865?

A

They wanted to actually colonise England and to expand trading routes and to settle and farm in England which was more fertile than scandinavia.

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13
Q

Where do the Vikings come from?

A

Scandinavia

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14
Q

What was the base for viking attack in England?

A

York(Jorvik)

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15
Q

What was Danegeld?

A

Danegeld was a tax paid by Anglo-Saxon kingdoms to Viking invaders as a form of protection money to prevent raids and attacks.

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16
Q

Explain the significance of viking invasion on Britain?

A

The Viking invasions of Britain (8th–11th centuries) profoundly reshaped its political, cultural, and social landscape, fragmenting Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, establishing Danelaw in the north and east, and forcing defensive reforms like Alfred the Great’s burh system. They accelerated urbanization through trade hubs like York, enriched the English language with Old Norse, and ultimately contributed to England’s unification under Saxon and later Danish rulers (like Cnut), while their integration blurred ethnic lines and influenced legal and military structures.

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17
Q

What was the region of Britain with more Danish customs and migrants?

A

The danelaw

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18
Q

What was the last saxon kingdom standing?

A

Kingdom of Wessex

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19
Q

Who was the danish King in 878

A

Guthrum

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20
Q

Who was the english king in 878

A

Alfred the Great

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21
Q

What happened at the battle of Edington?

A

The Battle of Edington, fought in 878, was a decisive clash between the Anglo-Saxon King Alfred the Great of Wessex and the Viking Great Heathen Army, led by Guthrum. Alfred’s forces defeated the Vikings, forcing Guthrum to retreat and later agree to the Treaty of Wedmore, which established a boundary between Wessex and the Danelaw and required Guthrum to convert to Christianity.

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22
Q

What did Alfred do to prevent further Viking Invasion?

A

Created many fortresses known as burhs, reorganise the english army and create the english navy.

23
Q

Explain the significance of Alfred the Great to Anglo-Saxon England

A

Alfred the Great (r. 871–899) saved Anglo-Saxon England from Viking conquest by defeating Guthrum at Edington (878), establishing fortified burhs and a reorganized army, and negotiating the division of Danelaw. He revived learning by translating Latin texts into Old English, promoted legal reforms, and laid the foundations for English unity, earning his legacy as the only English king called “the Great.”

24
Q

Who is Athelstan?

A

Alfred’s grandson that became the first king to rule all of England who defeated the danes in the large final battle of Brunannburh in 937

25
Who was Eric Bloodaxe
Danish king of Northumbria until he died in 954 after which all danish warriors left England
26
What happened in 991?
King Aethelred the Unready of England started paying large amounts of Danegeld as the vikings came to return to attack.
27
What were the norsemen doing in France?
They had taken over The north part of france known as normandy.
28
Why did Aethelred marry Emma of Normandy?
Since the early 900s the Danes had ruled Normandy and used Normandy as a base to raid England. Emma was the sister of Normandy’s ruler, Duke Richard II so Aethelred and his advisors secured a STRATEGIC marriage with Emma in spring 1002 to try and stop invasions on England from Normandy.
29
What was St Brice's day Massacre
In 1002 Aethelred ordered a massacre of all Danes living in English Territory.
30
Was the St Brice’s Day Massacre a success or a failure? Explain why.
Failure – in revenge, Sweyn led Viking attacks on England. By 1013 Aethelred and his sons had fled the country and Sweyn became King of England. Sweyn died and was succeeded by Cnut.
31
Who was Cnut?
Sweyn Forkbeard's Son who became king of England in 1016 when aethelred died for good.
32
Who was Edmund Ironside?
A leader of the english who fought with Cnut who died in 1016
33
How was Emma of Normandy influential
- Queen of England and Denmark and Norway -Played an active role with ruling with Cnut -strongly committed to the church and had connections with priests -Son with Cnut(Harthacnut) became king after Cnut's first wife son (harold harefoot) -Her son with Aethelred, Edward the confessor became king of England until 1066
34
What did William the conqueror of Normandy do?
Invade England as he believed he had a bloodline claim to the throne in 1066 and defeat harold godwinson at the battle of hastings
35
What did Henry 1 do?
As Henry 1 was one of williams sons and england and normandy was divided at the time so he united them.
36
Who is Matilda?
Henry 1 daughter married to geoffrey of Anjou and when Henry 2 son of Matilda became king in 1154, he established the angevin empire which rules anjou and england.
37
What did Pope adrian do in 1155?
Give Henry 2 permissin to invade Ireland
38
What happened in 1175 in Ireland?
Henry 2 made the High king of Ireland rory o connor sign the treaty of windsor and made him pay homage to him.Henry 2 now owns 3/4 of ireland.
39
Who was Richard the Lionheart?
Henry 2 son that became king and fought mostly in the third crusades
40
Who was John
Brother of Richard the Lionheart, Became King in 1199
41
Why did John sign the magna carta?
Because Barons were fed up of high war taxes and wanted to limit his royal power
42
What did John do wrong?
His actions led to frequent war with france and the loss of normandy to french king Phillip 11
43
Explain why the angevin empire reduced in size under John?
John’s actions led to war with France. He refused to pay homage to Phillip as his overlord and he married Isabelle of Angouleme who had been promised to a powerful Frenchman who appealed to Phillip for help. Phillip then inflicted successive defeats on English armies until they were pushed out of Normandy in 1204.
44
What started the Hundred's year war?
Phillip VI confiscated Aquitaine in 1337 and expected Edward 3,King of England (Great Great Grandson of King John), to pay homage, Edward chose War.
45
What was the Battle of Crecy 1346?
Edward 3 won a battle in Normandy with only 15000 men against Phillip VI larger army. This meant Calais was secured by the English.
46
What was the battle of Poitiers 1356?
Led by Edward 3 son the black prince, was a humiliating defeat for the french as both King John 2 of france and his son were captured. The english won this as french armour was too heavy and was easy for english infantry to strike them down.
47
What was the battle of Agincourt 1415?
Edward 3 's great grandson ,Henry V was crowned in 1413 at 29 and immediately planned to invade France with 6000 men to reclaim his family's lands. French forces outnumbered them 4 to 1 but Henry was a great strategist and skilled battlefield commander who used his longbowmen effectively to massacre the French cavalry who got stuck in the mud.
48
What did Henry V do after the battle of Agincourt?
Become ruler of france as he captured paris and he forced the french king to accept him as his lawful heir
49
How long was Henry V's rule in France?
1415-1422
50
What was the siege of Orleans
Joan of Arc led an army in 1429 which retook the town of Orleans under the French king Charles VII.
51
What was the last battle of the hundred years war?
Battle of Castillon in 1453 where the french mastered new military technology such as cannons and artillery to break the English Charge?
52
How did Cnut rule England?
Cnut the Great ruled England (1016–1035) by blending Viking strength with Anglo-Saxon governance. He secured power by eliminating rivals, married Æthelred’s widow Emma for legitimacy, and maintained Anglo-Saxon laws and administration while favoring loyal earls like Godwin of Wessex. A devout Christian, he upheld the Church, issued law codes, and stabilized England as the wealthiest part of his North Sea Empire (Denmark, Norway). His reign fostered Anglo-Danish integration before his death in 1035.
53
Explain the significance of the hundred years wars on Britain
The Hundred Years' War (1337–1453) profoundly shaped Britain by fostering a stronger sense of English national identity (fueled by victories like Agincourt and the exploits of Henry V), while the eventual loss of French territories (except Calais) shifted focus toward domestic consolidation. The war strained royal finances, empowered Parliament through tax negotiations, and contributed to social unrest (e.g., the Peasants' Revolt). Militarily, it saw the decline of feudalism as longbows and professional soldiers replaced knightly cavalry, setting the stage for England’s later conflicts (Wars of the Roses) and its emergence as a centralized, maritime power.It also helped fuel rivalries against France later seen in the Napoleonic Wars.

GCSE History (10 decks)

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