consciousness Flashcards
(114 cards)
1
Q
the continuous stream of perception, thoughts, feelings or sensation which we are?aware from moment to moments
A
consiousness.
2
Q
what are the dreaming hypnosis alcohol and drugs sleep example of?
A
altered sleep of consciousness.
3
Q
what are the altered states of consciousness?
A
they are mental states other than ordinary working consiouseness.
4
Q
what is the most fundamental altered state of consciousness?
A
sleep
5
Q
what is the consciousness defined to?
A
awarness.
6
Q
controlled largely by the brain, fluncuates 24 hours cycles?
A
circadian rythm
7
Q
what is a circadian rhythm?
A
a bilogical clock.
8
Q
when from most of us alertness decreases?
A
from 2 to 5 pm and 2 to 7 am
9
Q
what other factors can influence other than circadian rythm?
A
noon, seasons, and various biologial factors.
10
Q
what is the circadian rhythm controlled by?
A
controlled lagely by the brain
11
Q
how much timing does the circadian rhythm involves?
A
24 hours variation
12
Q
what can modify our circadian rhythm?
A
external stimuli such as alarm clock artificial lights and job shifts
13
Q
what is the time indicate when there is a subject who has no environment cue?
A
25 hours
14
Q
what is the human body temperature can range?
A
36 deg
15
Q
true or false.
people sleep when their body temperature is at the highest?
A
False, lowest
16
Q
what is the most relevant to human aside from circadian rhythm?
A
infradian and ultradian rhythm.
17
Q
why hunger patterns, heartbeats and eyeblinks are example of infradian rhythms?
A
because it occurs more several times in a day.
18
Q
biological patterns occurs more than once in a day?
A
infardian Rhythms.
19
Q
examples of infadian Rhythms?
A
eyeblinks, heartbeat and hunger patterns.
20
Q
a rhythm that exceeds a 24 hours?
A
infradian Rhythms.
21
Q
how many categories of sleep?
A
2
N-Rem sleep and Rem sleep.
22
Q
an example of infrdian rhythms?
A
gorls period.
23
Q
what often N-Rem sleep called?
A
the Quiet sleep
24
Q
why N-Rem is called a quiet sleep?
A
because theres a slow body movement and the the blood pressure and the brain activity at the lowest point.
25
How many stage of sleep?
4 stages.
26
what each stage is identified as in N-Rem
Brain Wave Pattern.
27
slow waves goes with and large waves goes with?
slow waves goes with deep sleep and fast waves goes with light sleep.
28
. Transition from waking to sleeping?
. Transition from light to deeper sleep?
. Deeper sleep.
. Much deeper sleep.
NREM stage #1 (theta waves) fast waves
NREM stage #2 (Complex Wave)
NREM stage #3 (delta waves) Large slow waves
NREM stage #4 (delta waves) much larger slower waves
29
how does the slow waves began in stage #3?
when EEG show 20% of delta waves.
30
how does the deepest sleep begins in stage #4?
begins when 50% of the waves are delta waves.
31
when does Rem begins?
it begins when the transition back through stage #3 and stage #2 we renter stage #1.
32
In which period the brain is in stage #1?
the period when the brain is highly active.
33
The Rem sleep sometimes called?
the active sleep.
34
what happens in REM sleep?
adrenaline shoots the system/ Blood pressure and heart rate increases/ respiration becomes quicker/ characterized by vivid dreams/ large muscles paralize.
35
a sleep cycle lasting about 90 minutes and including one or more stages of NREM sleep followed by a period of rem sleep?
sleep cycles
36
how many sleep cycles is there?
4
37
how long does it last each cycle?
90 min
38
which stage begins with a few minutes in light sleep?
NREM stage #1
39
which stage in sleep is somewhat more deeply sleep?
NREM stage #2
40
which stage is the beginning of slow wave sleep deep sleep?
NREM stage #3
41
which stage in sleep is the deepest sleep?
NREM stage #4
42
what is delta wave associated with?
Deep Sleep.
43
what type of waves are delta waves?
slow waves.
44
how long does it last first rem period after entering stage #2 and 3?
10 to 15 min
45
what is REM may be necessary?
maturation of brain in infants.
46
what does REM involve?
consolidation of memory.
47
what does REM serve?
mental house cleaning.
48
A tiny piece of brain tissue located in the hypothalamus?
suprachiasmatic nuclease.
49
what does the suprachiasmatic nuclease control and what does it refer to?
controls the timing of circadian rhythm and refers to a biological clock.
50
where does the suprachiasmatic nuclease located?
it's located in the hypothalamus of the brain
51
what does the suprachiasmatic nuclease responds to?
responds to light particularly sunlight.
52
mental activity occuring during NREM sleep that is more thoughtlight in quality that are REM dream?
NREM dreams.
53
a type of dream that someone is aware of and influence the control while in progress?
Lucid dream.
54
dream are generally reflected?
our perception thoughts hopes and worries.
55
how does the dream function to satisfy according to freaud?
to satisfy our sexual and aggressive wishes.
56
the dream is recalled by the dreamer?
manifest content of dream.
57
how does our wishes appear in our dreams?
appears in a symbolic form.
58
what does frauds differentiate?
to manifest the content of dream and the latent content of dream?
59
the dormant and undeveloped content which has an underlying meaning?
latent content of dream.
60
what does the symbol of dream perceived?
an individual meaning rather than universal?
61
what is the average hours of adult sleep?
7.5 Hours, with extra hour in the weekend
62
is 7.5 hours enough for everyone?
to much for some and to little for some.
63
how many hours required for short sleepers and how many hours required for long sleepers? and how many percent of short and long sleepers are they?
20% of short sleepers 6 hours required and 10% of long sleepers required more than 9 hours.
64
how many hours of sleep could a participant could not get by in a sleep experiment?
4.5 hours
65
what is the minimum hours of sleep?
6.5
66
according to national sleep foundation in united states how many hours of sleep is required for teens and middle aged adults?
8 hours of sleep
67
sleep disturbance in which behavior states normally occur only in waking state?
parasomnia.
68
when does the waking state takes place in parasomnia?
transition from sleeping to walking state.
69
what are sleep walking and sleep terrors?
are two parasomnias.
70
when does the sleep alking and sleep terrors occur? and why?
occurs in stage #4. the sleeper does not come to full conciousness.
71
what does the sleep apnea consists?
consists a period when the breathing stops.
72
what are the major symptoms of sleep apnea?
excessive daytime sleepiness and loud snorting.
73
what can sleep apnea could lead to?
chronic blood pressure and cardivuscular disease.
74
characterized by falling or staying a sleep?
insomnia.
75
what other things that insomnia that is characterized by?
waking up early light sleep and restless, poor sleep quality.
76
how long does insomnia last and what does it result?
it last 3nweeks or fewer can results from jetlag injuries interfers with sleep.
77
how long does the chronic insomnia last?
4 month or even years.
78
by how many percent does adults suffer with insomnia?
20%
79
an incadable disprder charchterized br escessive daytime sleeiness and uncontrollabe attach of rem sleep?
nacrolepsy.
80
somnambulism a sleep walking occurs in?
stage #4
81
what does involve when someone suffers with narcolepsy?
accidents virtually everywhere
82
what is narcolepsy caused by?
abnormality in the brain and strong genetic components.
83
how does the most causes occur in sleep walking?
in childhood delayed development, in the nervous system
84
what does the sleep walking combine?
it combines the delta alpha and beta waves.
85
a terrifying dreams occur on Rem Sleep?
NIGHTMARES.
86
what nightmare can be reaction and what is more frequent?
a traumatic life most frequent, anxiety and emotional upheaval.
87
when sleep terrors occur and when anxiety nightmare occur?
sleep terrors occur in deep sleep ( stage #4) and anxiety nightmares occur towards morning, when the REM periods are the longest.
88
in which stage sleep talking occur?
any stage.
89
what are the three sleep disorders?
sleep apnea/ narcolepsy/ insomnia.
90
any substance that alters ur mood ur perceptions or thought?
psychoactive drugs.
91
what is it called when the drug approved for medical use only?
controlled substance.
92
the body's natural ability to protect itself against harmful substances?
physical drug dependence.
93
the drug triggers a surge of dopamine molecules into a part of the brain limbic system as.
nucleas accumbens.
94
what does the physical drug dependence develop?
drug tolerence.
95
a condition which the user becomes progressively less effected?
drug tolerence.
96
why large drug doses are necessary in drug tolerence?
to achieve or maintain the same effect to be less affected by the drug.
97
a craving or irascible urge for drug pressure effect?
psychological drug dependence.
98
what happen when drug is taken away.
withdrawal symptoms
99
what are the drug withdrawal symptoms?
physical and psychological symptoms react opposite of the drug.
100
what does the stimulants call?
Uppers.
101
what is a stimulant?
a category of a drug.
102
what does the stimulant do?
speed up the activity in the central nervous system.
103
what can the stimulant increase?
blood pressure and respiration.
104
what can stimulants decrease?
blood flow
105
how can stimulants make you feel?
they make you feel energetic , awake alert and suppress appetite
106
what are the legal stimulants.
caffeine and nicotine.
107
what are the controlled stimulants?
amphetamine.
108
what are the illegal stimulants?c
cocaine or crack.
109
what does the amphetamine do to the central nervous system.
increase arousal, relive fatigue, suppress appetite.
110
what is the most powerful amphetamine.
metamphetanine.
111
in which form doe the methamphetanine come?
smokable Ice.
112
addictive types of narcotics?
cocaine heroine codeine.
113
a class of dpressent that have pain relienig.
naroctics.
114
drugs that dicreases the the activity in the central nervous system?
depressents
