Consciousness

Question 1

aspects of consciousness

Answer 1

subjectivity
intentionality
unity
selectivity
transience

Question 2

outcomes of consciousness

Answer 2

body awareness
agency
theory of mind
self awareness
metacognition

Question 3

subjectivity

Answer 3

very subjective

personal experience isn’t easily quantifiable

Question 4

intentionality

Answer 4

focused or directed at things

Question 5

unity

Answer 5

not easily fragmented, can’t experience the same thing (duck and rabbit)

Question 6

selectivity

Answer 6

have attention, filter out other parts

Question 7

transience

Answer 7

stream of consciousness, mind wandering from moment to moment

Question 8

body awareness

Answer 8

knowing you have a body

Question 9

agency

Answer 9

understanding that you’re an individual that’s separate from the rest of the world

Question 10

theory of mind

Answer 10

understanding that the contents of your mind are different from someone else’s

Question 11

self-awareness

Answer 11

experiencing your experiences

Question 12

meta-cognition

Answer 12

sometimes you’re thinking about thinking

Question 13

mirror task

Answer 13

seeing a mark on your body in the mirror and either trying to wipe it off or wipe it off the mirror

Question 14

easy problem

Answer 14

map brain activity to conscious experience

Question 15

hard problem

Answer 15

knowing how that conscious experience is is experienced by the individual

Question 16

dualist language

Answer 16

mind and body are separate

Question 17

materialism

Answer 17

mind and body are one in the same, mind is part of body

Question 18

neural correlates of consciousness

Answer 18

minimal neural mechanisms needed to produce the conscious experience

Question 19

consciousness vs selective attention

Answer 19

need consciousness for attention, choose to give attention

Question 20

consciousness vs wakefulness

Answer 20

can’t generate waking state, people can have a waking state but won’t show signs of being conscious

Question 21

consciousness vs perception

Answer 21

mostly about organizing the world around us, high levels lead to a conscious
s experience

Question 22

consciousness vs explicit memory

Answer 22

drawing memory from storage in the brain, contents of conscious experience

Question 23

consciousness vs decision making

Answer 23

decisions are conscious in nature, however consciousness may not be doing anything and is just a byproduct (lags behind decisions)

Question 24

consciousness vs the self

Answer 24

clearest part of self is what the conscious has access to. some parts are not accessible

Question 25

brain area where visual perception is

Answer 25

cortex

Question 26

brain area where blindsight is

Answer 26

midbrain

Question 27

top-down eye movement

Answer 27

FEF (frontal eye field)

Question 28

bottom-up eye movement

Answer 28

superior colliculus

Question 29

what happens when damage to the cortex impairs top down eyesight

Answer 29

midbrain (superior colliculus) used for blind sight

Question 30

consciousness and pavlovian conditioning

Answer 30

learning occurs prior to conscious XP | Hippocampus is used for conditioning of stimulus slightly separated, cerebellum when they are on top of one another

Question 31

why are different brain areas used for different kinds of conditioning?

Answer 31

anterior usage for farther apart stimulus shows more conscious effort being used to facilitate conditioning

Question 32

thalamus in consciousness

Answer 32

loss of function causes loss in consciousness, however results vary depending on damage

Question 33

how do we study loss of function in the thalamus without damaging the cortex

Answer 33

compression of the skull does not damage cortex but does the thalamus

Question 34

consciousness is mainly focused on the:

Answer 34

forebrain

Question 35

research methods that allow for study of consciousness

Answer 35

bistable images binocular rivalry presenting relevant stimuli for given neuron comparing conscious and non-conscious brains

Question 36

visual consciousness associated brain areas

Answer 36

ventral stream of the visual system

Question 37

ventral stream of the visual system comoponents

Answer 37

inferotemporal cortex, inferior temporal gyrus, fusiform gyrus

Question 38

binocular rivalry findings (non-human primates)

Answer 38

shown neutral image and face image. show activity in the fusiform gyrus when reported seeing a face, no activity when shown mixed image

Question 39

inferotemporal cortex (IT)

Answer 39

activity here preceeded conscious visual perception

Question 40

binocular rivalry findings (humans)

Answer 40

FFA (fusiform face area) and PPA (parahippocampal place area) are involved in seeing either a face or place

Question 41

Halle Berry neurons

Answer 41

neuronal populations are encoded for specific things | e.g. dolphins, even the word spelled out, even when they thing about them

Question 42

resting state brain activity

Answer 42

see high activity in the posterior cingulate and mPFC

Question 43

how is resting state brain activity measured?

Answer 43

via resting-state functional-connectivity MRI

Question 44

Default mode network

Answer 44

brain areas associated with resting brain activity

Question 45

default mode network brain areas

Answer 45

mPFC, posterior parietal cortex, PCC, precuneus, hippocampus, lateral temporal cortex

Question 46

DMN responsible for:

Answer 46

spontaneous cognition (mind-wandering). also active when asked about a past of future event**

Question 47

sentinel hypothesis (DMN)

Answer 47

even when you're doing nothing you need to pay attention to the world so we're always ready to go

Question 48

internal mentation hypothesis (DMN)

Answer 48

always thinking of future events. represents stream of conscious, mind-wandering (literatures choice)