Consciousness/Sleep

Question 1

Continuum of awareness

8 points

Answer 1

Focused attention, normal wakefulness, daydreaming, meditative state, hyponotised, asleep, anaesthetised, coma

Question 2

normal waking consciousness v altered state of consciousness

Answer 2

nwc = aware of external world
asc =

Question 3

selective attention v divided attention

Answer 3

choosing and attending to specofoc stimilus and excluding others

divided is the ability to distribute our attention and understake two or more activites simultaneously.

Question 4

EEG, EMG, EOG

Answer 4

EEG = detects, amplifies and records patterns of electrical activity of brain.
- beta: alertness and intense mental activity
- alpha: awake but relaxed
- theta: drowsy
- delta: deep sleep/unconsciousness

stimulant = ecstasy, increased beta
depressant = alcohol, increased alpha, theta, delta

EMG = D,A,R electrical activity of muscles. Indicated muscle movement and tension. relaxed during deep sleep

EOG = DAR electrical activity in eye muscles that control eye movements. Distinguish between REM and NREM

Question 5

Alertness characteristics

Answer 5

Controlled processes involve conscious, alert awareness and mental effort where the indiviudal focuses their attention on achieving a particular goal. Automatic process involves little conscious awareness and mental affort, minimal attention and the task is simple or familiar.

Emotional awareness: ASC more emotional and express emotions more openly. Inappropriate emotional reactions.

Self control: Difficulty controlling movements, stumbling. no control of emotions.

Time orientation: distorted perception of time, time passes quicker or slower.

Question 6

BAC v sleep deprivation

Answer 6

17 hours sleep deprivation = 0.05 BAC
24 hours sleep deprivation = 0.10 BAC

sleep deprivation results in slower reaction times.

Question 7

Circadian rhythm - 24 hr sleep cycle

Answer 7

Suprachiasmatic nucleus regulates timing if sleep-wake cycle, as it receives infomation about amount of light from eyes. It sends messages to pineal gland to release melatonin.

Question 8

Ultradian rhythms - sleep

Answer 8

NREM sleep:
- stage 1 (AT) is decrease in hr, temp, tension. + slow rolling eyes. occurs for 5 mins
- stage 2 (T) is 10-25 mins and lengthens each cycle. temp and hr lowers more and eyes stop. Sleep spindles
- stage 3 (TD) is 10 mins and may not be seen later. difficult to arouse and groggy if woken.
- stage 4 (D) is very deep sleep and sleep inertia when woken. 20-40 mins and decreases.

REM sleep:
- eyes move quick. hr faster, breahting shallow,
- paradoxical sleep because brain and body are internally active but externally inactive.

Question 9

Infants v Adolescents v adults v elderly sleep

Answer 9

Infant = 16 hrs 50 REM
Childhood = 9-11 hrs 20-25% REM
Adolescence = 9 hrs 20-25% REM
Adults = 8 hrs 20% REM
Elderly = 6-7 hrs 15% REM