Conservation Flashcards
(55 cards)
0
Q
John Muir
A
- UW alum 1864
- promoted US national park system
1
Q
Major players in Wisconsin conservation
A
- John muir
- aldo Leopoldo
- Gaylord Nelson
2
Q
Aldo Leopold
A
- land stewardship
- UW professor
3
Q
Gaylord Nelson
A
- Former governor and senator for Wisconsin
- earth day 1970
- Nelson center on campus
4
Q
UW connections to conservation
A
- George Schaller
- Karen Strier
5
Q
George Schaller
A
- UW zoology phd
- ethologist
- worked with mountain gorillas
6
Q
Karen Strier
A
- put muiriqui on map
- land set aside in brazil for spider monkey
- population has grown
7
Q
Birute Galdikas
A
-orangutan rehab
8
Q
Jane Goodall
A
- Goodall institute
- roots and shoots
9
Q
What percentage of total primate species are endangered? How many species are there?
A
-48% of 643 species
10
Q
Russ mittermeir
A
- conservation international
- field study in Suriname
- vertical distribution
- looked at how many species were in Brazil, Madagascar and Indonesia
- 11% critically endangered
- 22% endangered
- 15% vulnerable
11
Q
Endangered categories
A
- 0-1000: aye-aye; silky sifaka, golden lion tamarin, lion tailed macaque, mountain gorilla
- 1000-10000
- less than 100,000
- less than 300,000
12
Q
Most endangered prosimian?
A
Aye-aye
Silky sifaka is also endangered
13
Q
1000-10,000
A
- all gibbons
- cotton-topped tamarin
- Sumatran orangutan
14
Q
Less than 100,000
A
- langurs
- proboscis
15
Q
Less than 300,000
A
Chimpanzee
16
Q
Affect of humans on primate habitat
A
- 80% of habitat used by humans
- 6 genera and 14 species lost because of humans
17
Q
Population growth affect on primate populations
A
- madagascars human population has grown
- more human invasion
18
Q
Primates used in research-which areas
A
- polio research-rhesus monkeys
- cancer research-cotton-topped tamarins
19
Q
Primates in the pet trade
A
- primate: zoos, collectors
- Michael Jackson and j biebs
- 1983-60 lion tamarins shipped off to Europe and Japan from brazil
20
Q
Natural disasters
A
- forest fires in orangutan habitat
- salinization of amboseli due to drought and loss of forest
21
Q
Ecological disasters
A
- war-Vietnam
- deforestation
22
Q
Effects of deforestation
A
- amazon losing more than 5000 ft per day
- costa docs once 95% forest is now 35%
- slash/burn agriculture
- lumbering for hard woods
- damn for hydroelectric power
- hunting for bush meat
23
Q
Charles southwick - fixing the peoblem
A
- did survey in India of rhesus monkeys
- found there were less than expected
- changed government policy-for exportation banned
24
National parks - fixing the problem
- areas of high species diversity (korup park in Cameron's est 1986)
- protect habitat of most endangered species
25
Expansion of national park in republic of Congo - fixing the problem
- novable-Ndoki national park now includes govalouga triangle
- need more land to protect chimps
- belo monte dam on river
26
Primate perspective - fixing the problem
- effective breeding population
| - size of range to be protected - carrying capacity
27
Effective breeding population
-need more than 500 individuals to maintain genetic diversity for natural population
28
Education - fixing the problem
- especially in countries of Origin
- pests on basis of ecotourism
- ie using muriqui as a mascot for brazil Olympics
29
Personal conservation - fixing the problem
- reduce hardwood use in construction
- restrict/prohibit pet trade
- better control of poaching /hunting
30
Palm oil plantations
-detrimental to orangutan habitat
31
Creating corridors
- Karen Strier
| - between pieces of forest
32
Rehab programs and reserves
| -what kinds of places is this used for
-for places with no forest left
33
Returning to the wild
- breeding in national zoo and releasing into wild
| - pair captive one with wild one -do better
34
Susan Boinsky
- costa Rica
| - 3000-10,000 squirrel monkeys
35
Chinese government
-claims there are 200,000 rhesus monkeys but where are they?
36
Mapping African forest
- alarming decline in chimps in core d'ivoire
| - Ebola epidemic affected chimps and gorillas
37
Orangutan relative endangerment
- Sumatran orangutan more endangered than Borneo orangutan
| - found 3rd orangutan (black) in Borneo thanks to survey
38
Primates they thought were extinct but are not
- hairy eared dwarf lemur
- Pygmy tarsier
- Tonkin snub-nosed lemur
- cao vit gibbon
39
Anna nekaris
Worked with slow loris
40
Model country for ecotourism
Costa Rica
41
Long yongchen
-yunnan golden monkey
42
Tension in the field focused on...
Animal welfare and animal rights
43
Where do we look for guidance?
- bible
| - law
44
What does the bible say about animals?
- humans decide what to do with them
| - but we should care for them
45
Matthew Hiasal Pan
Guy who wanted to leave trust fund to dog
| -court ruled no
46
Great ape project
- 3 rights?
- end result?
- they have the right to life, liberty and protection from torture
- endorsed by Spain first
- resulted in chimps not being used for biomedical research
47
Other side of the argument-against animal research
- in humane
- redundant
- irrelevant
- unregulated
- speciesist
48
How many animals are used in research each year
About 20 million
49
What percentage of animals tested are rats and mice
95%
50
How many monkeys were tested in 2000
100,000
| -dogs, cats and monkeys combined = less than 1%
51
Alternatives to animal testing and research
- cell and tissue culture
- computer modeling
- use humans instead of animals
52
Cell and tissue culture - what test to use
- draize test: sees how toxic something is
- mostly used on rabbits
- LD50
53
ICCVAM authorization act of 2000
- interagency committee of the US
- brought about the 3 Rs: reduce, refine and replace
- reached federal government since 2000
54
Three Rs to guide alternative testing
- reduce
- refine
- replace
