Conservation in Genetics 1

Question 1

Conservation genetics

Answer 1

Is the application of genetics to preserve species as dynamic entities capable of coping with environmental change.

Question 2

GENE POOL.

Answer 2

The total array of genes in a population is called its GENE POOL

Question 3

A species is made up of

Answer 3

different spacially and/or reproductively separated populations.

Question 4

Whats a population composed of

Answer 4

Each population is composed of many individuals.

Question 5

GENOME

Answer 5

The totality of all genetic material of an individual is its GENOME

Question 6

GENOTYPE

Answer 6

The partial or entire genetic information (i.e. genes, their variants
and relative function) of an individual is its GENOTYPE

Question 7

PHENOTYPE

Answer 7

An organism’s observable traits and characteristics constitute its PHENOTYPE, which is the expression of its genotype and the influence of environmental factors.

Question 8

ALLELES

Answer 8

Individuals within a population are genetically different to each other because they each have slightly different variants of the same (homologous) genes.
Such variants are called ALLELES

Question 9

MUTATIONS

Answer 9

MUTATIONS are changes in the DNA sequence of an
organism, which occur during DNA replication or due to
exposure to mutagenic substances or viral pathogen

Question 10

Types of mutations (main 3)

Answer 10

Substitution, Insertion, Deletion

Question 11

GENETIC DRIFT

Answer 11

GENETIC DRIFT corresponds to random changes in allele frequency between generations.

Question 12

GENE FLOW

Answer 12

GENE FLOW is the movement of genes from one population
to another (e.g. through dispersal/migration).

Question 13

NATURAL SELECTION

Answer 13

is the mechanism by which some
(the fittest) individuals are more successful than others at passing on their genes to the next generation

Question 14

ADAPTATION

Answer 14

ADAPTATION is a (short term) process by which individuals’ characteristics (traits) change to become better suited to different environments (e.g. diadromous life cycles).

Question 15

EVOLUTION

Answer 15

EVOLUTION is a (long term) process by which heritable
characteristics change over generations leading to new
distinct entities which share a common origin (e.g.
speciation).

Question 16

Strategies for the conservation of adaptive genetic diversity among populations are

Answer 16

Increasing gene flow
Preventing population admixture

Question 17

Pros and cons of increasing gene flow

Answer 17

Increases overall genetic diversity, increases potential for future adaptations, reduces risk of local extinction.

Question 18

Pros and cons of preventing population admixture

Answer 18

Preserves local adaptations.
Loss of genetic diversity.

Question 19

When is increasing gene flow advised

Answer 19

Advised if strong selection maintains adaptation

Question 20

When is preventing population admixture advised

Answer 20

If isolation favors adaptation

Question 21

preventing population admixture is revealed by…

Answer 21

Limited gene flow among habitats for both neutral and adaptive loci

Question 22

increasing gene flow is revealed by…

Answer 22

Limited gene flow among habitats for loci under selection only

Question 23

GenBank is…

Answer 23

An annotated collection of all publicly available DNA sequences resulting from the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration, which includes; DNA database of Japan (DDBJ) European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) and GenBank at NCBI.

Question 24

BOLDSystems is

Answer 24

A cloud based data storage and analysis platform developed at the Centre for Biodiversity Genomics in Canada.