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physics > conservation of energy - topic 2 > Flashcards

conservation of energy - topic 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is kinetic energy

A

anything moving has kinetic energy

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2
Q

what is thermal energy

A

any object but the hotter it is the more thermal energy it has

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3
Q

what is chemical energy

A

anything that can release energy by a chemical reaction, such as energy stored in batteries

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4
Q

what is gravitational potential energy

A

Height

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5
Q

what is elastic potential energy

A

anything that is stretched or compressed

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6
Q

what is electrostatic energy

A

anything with electric charge that is interacting with another electric charge

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7
Q

what it magnetic energy

A

anything magnetic that is interacting with another magnet

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8
Q

what are the 4 ways energy can be transferred between stores

A

mechanically, be heating , electrically and by radiation

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9
Q

mechanical

A

pushing and pulling

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10
Q

what is electrical energy

A

charges moving around a circuit

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11
Q

what is work done

A

way of saying energy transferred

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12
Q

what is the conservation of energy principle

A

energy can be transferred usefully, stored or dissipated but never created or dissipated

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13
Q

what is the equation for total energy input

A

useful energy output + wasted energy

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14
Q

what is the equation for kinetic energy

A

1/2 x mass x velocity^2

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15
Q

what is the equation for change in GPE

A

mass x gravitational field strength x change in vertical height

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16
Q

how to reduce amount of energy lost from buildings using thermal insulators

A

cavity walls
double glazing
loft insulation
hot water tank jacket

17
Q

what are lubricants used for

A

reducing friction between two surfaces when the move

18
Q

what is the equation for efficiency

A

useful energy transferred / total energy transferred

19
Q

what are the 4 non renewable energy sources

A

coal
oil
natural gas
nuclear fuels

20
Q

what are the 5 renewable energy sources

A 
wind
tides
sun 
hydroelectricity
bio-fuel
21
Q

uses of petrol

A

powers lots of vehicles

22
Q

uses of coal

A

heating, old fashioned steam trains

23
Q

uses of oil

A

heating homes

24
Q

uses of natural gas

A

radiators which are used for heating homes

25
Q

pros of wind power

A

no pollution

26
Q

cons of wind power

A

very noisy
high initial cost
not reliable
spoil the view

27
Q

pros of solar cells

A

no pollution

reliable in very sunny countries

28
Q

cons of solar cells

A

high initial costs
need a lot energy to manufacture
only generate electricity during the day and not at night

29
Q

pros of hydro-electricity power stations

A

no pollution
reliable except in a drought
provide immediate response to increasing demand for electricity

30
Q

cons of hydro-electricity power stations

A

flooding
habitats destroyed
vegetation destroyed
high initial costs

31
Q

pros of tidal barrages

A

no pollution

reliable

32
Q

cons of tidal barrages

A

spoil the view
alter habitat of wildlife
high initial cost

33
Q

pros of bio-fuel

A

reliable

carbon neutral

34
Q

cons of bio-fuel

A

high refinery costs
produce carbon dioxide when burned
take up space for growing crops
takes long to grow crops

35
Q

how do cavity walls and double glazing remove unwanted energy transfers

A

they both an inner and outer wall/ sheets of glass with an air gap in the middle which reduces the amount of energy transferred by conduction through walls or windows

36
Q

how can you improve efficiency

A

decreasing amount of wasted energy and making sure more of the supplied energy goes to the useful stores by lubrication or thermal insulation

37
Q

how does wind generate electricity

A

a wind turbine has a generator inside it which generates electricity when wind turns the blades which turns the generator

38
Q

how does the sun generate electricity

A

solar cells generate electric currents directly from the sun’s radiation and so can be used to charge batteries that can power electrical devices

39
Q

how do bio-fuels generate electricity

A

they are burned to heat water, which produces steam which drives a turbine, which drives a generator and generates electricity

physics (14 decks)

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