conservatism

Question 1

what forms traditional conservatives belief in paternalism?

Answer 1

their belief in hierarchy

Question 2

how do traditional conservatives justify paternalism?

Answer 2

in the hierarchy, there is a natural ruling class which has duties to look after the less fortnunate

Question 3

why do traditional conservatives believe everyone has duties and obligations, forming their support for paternalism?

Answer 3

due to their belief in the organic society, everyone is born into a series of complex pre-existing responsibilities

Question 4

what traditional conservative thinker is most linked to paternalism?

Answer 4

burke

Question 5

what did Disraeli say which could link to paternalism?

Answer 5

‘the palace is not safe when the cottage is not happy’

Question 6

what idea of burke did Disraeli elevate to reinforce paternalism?

Answer 6

the ‘haves’ and the ‘have nots’

Question 7

why did ONCs support state sponsored welfare?

Answer 7

to offset the damages of laissez-faire capitalism

Question 8

what did Burke believe charity/welfare had to be?

Answer 8

voluntary, even though it was a duty of the ruling class

Question 9

what ONC acts helped to relieve the damages of capitalism?

Answer 9

the Factory Act 1874 which brought greater regulation to the owner and the landlord

Question 10

what belief to ONCs hold, similar to traditional, which forms their support for paternalism and noblesse oblige?

Answer 10

in the existing hierarchy and organicism giving obligations

Question 11

what did Macmillan seek to create in terms of welfare?

Answer 11

a basic safety net to provide in areas which. the capitalist market could not, i.e health care and old age

Question 12

does the New Right agree with other strands on paternalism?

Answer 12

no, they disagree with it and state sponsored welfare

Question 13

why does the new right disagree with welfare and paternalism?

Answer 13

as they wanted to ‘roll back the frontiers of the state’

Question 14

what sort of culture did the NR believe welfare created?

Answer 14

a dependency culture

Question 15

what did Rand argue that taxation in a free society is?

Answer 15

essentially theft

Question 16

what did Rand say on taxation?

Answer 16

‘in a fully free society, taxation would be voluntary’

Question 17

what is the example Rand used for voluntary tax/welfare?

Answer 17

a voluntary civil court which could be paid for via donations from an individual

Question 18

what did Thatcher reduce the top rate of income tax from?

Answer 18

86% to 40%

Question 19

where are conservatives in agreement on paternalism?

Answer 19

• TC and NR believe paternalism/charity should be voluntary - burke and rand
• TC and ONC believe in hierarchy and the responsibilities of the ruling classes - Burke and Disraeli

Question 20

where are conservative in disagreement on paternalism?

Answer 20

• ONC disagree with other strands on state sponsored welfare - Nozick (monarchist state) and Macmillan

Question 21

do TC see society as organic?

Answer 21

yes

Question 22

what did Burke believe about organicism?

Answer 22

similar to the different parts of a plant, each class, upper middle and lower, performs different functions which are of equal importance

Question 23

what function did Burke argue the upper class performed?

Answer 23

ruling

Question 24

what function did Burke argue the middle class performed?

Answer 24

wealth creation

Question 25

what function did burke argue the working class performed?

Answer 25

production

Question 26

do to his belief in organicism, what did Burke believe hierarchy was?

Answer 26

natural

Question 27

what did Burke say on the obligations due to organism?

Answer 27

‘the value of compulsory obligations’

Question 28

do ONCs agree with TCs on the organic society?

Answer 28

yes

Question 29

what did Oakeshott say on organicism which links it to tradition?

Answer 29

‘just as a plants new leaves are dependent of and explained by the plants roots and branches, so a society present direction stems from its past development’

Question 30

what did Disraeli say on the organic society?

Answer 30

‘the palace is not safe when the cottage is not happy’

Question 31

why do ONCs use organism to form their beliefs in paternalism?

Answer 31

because everyone is born into existing duties to keep the organic society alive

Question 32

do ONCs believe in hierarchy with the organic society?

Answer 32

yes and the responsibilities which came with wealth and power

Question 33

does the NR believe in organism?

Answer 33

no

Question 34

what did Rand argue about society?

Answer 34

argued for atomism, in which society is merely the collection of atomised, self-interested individuals.

Question 35

what did Rand promote as society’s survival wasn’t dependent on each class performing its functions?

Answer 35

ethical egoism

Question 36

what is ethical egoism?

Answer 36

belief that it is moral for one to act in their own interest

Question 37

where do conservatives agree over organicism?

Answer 37

• TC and ONC agree that society is organic - Burke and Oakshott
• TC and ONC believe in gradual pragmatic reforms to keep the organic society alive

Question 38

where do conservative disagree over organicism?

Answer 38

• NR reject view that society is organic and instead belle it to be atomistic - Rand