Consonants & vowels (kill me)

Question 1

What are consonants?

Answer 1

Sounds produced with some degree of constriction in the pharyngeal and/or oral cavities during production

Question 2

How many consonant phonemes are there in English?

Answer 2

24

Question 3

What are obstruents?

Answer 3

Consonants in which the sound source occurs because air flows through a point of constriction, creating turbulence

Question 4

What is place of articulation?

Answer 4

The location along the vocal tract where the sound is made

Question 5

What is manner of articulation?

Answer 5

How the sound is made (an obstruent or sonorant)

Question 6

What are the bilabial phonemes?

Answer 6

p, b, m, w

Question 7

What are the labiodental phonemes?

Answer 7

f, v

Question 8

What are the interdental phonemes?

Answer 8

th, th

Question 9

What are the alveolar phonemes?

Answer 9

t, d, n, s, z, l

Question 10

What are the palatal phonemes?

Answer 10

sh, ch, zh, juh, r, j

Question 11

What are the velar phonemes?

Answer 11

k, g, ng

Question 12

What are the glottal phonemes?

Answer 12

h

Question 13

What are the stops?

Answer 13

p, b, t, d, k, g

Question 14

What are the fricatives?

Answer 14

sh, th, th, s, z, f, v, zh, h

Question 15

What are the affricates?

Answer 15

juh, ch

Question 16

What are the nasals?

Answer 16

m, n, ng

Question 17

What are the liquids?

Answer 17

l, r

Question 18

What are the glides?

Answer 18

w, j

Question 19

What is a distinctive feature?

Answer 19

An acoustic or articulatory characteristic used to describe phonemes

Question 20

What are the major class features?

Answer 20

Major class features define different production characteristics that differentiate the basic sound categories
- vocalic
- consonantal
- sonorant

Question 21

What are vocalic sounds?

Answer 21

Sounds produced with minimal vocal tract and oral cavity constriction
- vowels
- liquids

Question 22

What are consonantal sounds?

Answer 22

Sounds produced with a high degree of oral cavity constriction
- everything but the vowels and w, j, and h (so stops, fricatives, affricates, liquids, and nasals)

Question 23

What are sonorant sounds?

Answer 23

Sounds produced as a result of an open vocal tract in which the airstream flows unobstructed through the oral and nasal cavities
- vowels
- nasals
- liquids
- glides

Question 24

What are cavity features?

Answer 24

Cavity features define the positions of the active and passive articulators involved in producing the sounds
- coronal
- anterior
- nasal
- lateral
- high
- low
- back
- round

Question 25

What are coronal sounds?

Answer 25

Sounds produced with the blade of the tongue raised above the neutral position - t, d, - fricatives - affricates - n - liquids

Question 26

What are anterior sounds?

Answer 26

Sounds produced with the point of constriction near the front of the oral cavity - p, b, t, d - f, v, s, z, th (th) - m, n - l

Question 27

What are nasal sounds?

Answer 27

Sounds produced with a relatively open nasal passageway (resulting in resonance in the nasal cavity) - nasals

Question 28

What are lateral sounds?

Answer 28

Sounds produced with the tip of the tongue on the alveolar ridge and the lateral margins of the tongue lowered - l

Question 29

What are high sounds?

Answer 29

Sounds produced with the tongue elevated above the neutral position in the oral cavity - k, g - sh, ch, zh, juh - ng - w, j - i, I, o, U

Question 30

What are low sounds?

Answer 30

Sounds produced with the tongue lower than the neutral position in the oral cavity - l - ae, a, ah

Question 31

What are back sounds?

Answer 31

Sounds produced with the tongue retracted from the neutral position - k, g - ng - w - a, ah, o, U, u, uh

Question 32

What are round sounds?

Answer 32

Sounds produced by rounding the lips - w - ah, o, U, u, er

Question 33

What are manner of production/articulation features?

Answer 33

They refer to the way that the articulators are utilized to modify the airstream during speech sound production - continuant - delayed release - tense

Question 34

What are continuant sounds?

Answer 34

Sounds produced when the articulators do not create a complete constriction at the point of articulation - fricatives - liquids - glides - vowels

Question 34

What are delayed release sounds?

Answer 34

Sounds produced with an initial obstruction at the point of articulation in the oral cavity, followed by a slow release of the airstream - affricates

Question 35

What are tense sounds?

Answer 35

Sounds produced with a greater degree of muscular effort or tension (particularly at the base of the tongue), and increased pressure of the expiratory airstream - p, t, k - i, e, a, o, u

Question 36

What are source features?

Answer 36

The characteristics of the sound heard when the speech sound is produced - voiced - strident

Question 37

What are strident sounds?

Answer 37

Harsh sounds produced when the airstream is forced through a narrow point of constriction - fricatives (minus h, th) - affricates

Question 38

What are vowels?

Answer 38

Sounds produced with a relatively open vocal tract

Question 39

What is tongue advancement?

Answer 39

The position of the tongue from front to back

Question 40

What is the vowel quadrilateral used for?

Answer 40

It is used to illustrate the position of the tongue within the oral cavity during vowel production

Question 41

In diphthongs, what are the first and second vowels known as?

Answer 41

- First vowel: onglide - Second vowel: offglide

Question 42

Production of diphthongs is characterized by what?

Answer 42

By movement of the articulators from the first vowel to the second vowel