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BPK 305 > Constituents of blood > Flashcards

Constituents of blood Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

average blood volume

A

5L

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2
Q

Serum or blood plasma

A

60%

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3
Q

rbc or erythrocytes (the hematocrit)

A

40%

can be higher or lower depending on health and where you live

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4
Q

wbc or leukocytes

A

< 5%

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5
Q

platelets or thrombocytes

A

< 1%

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6
Q

hematocrit equation

A

height of RBCs/total height

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7
Q

buffy coat

A

wbcs and platelets

will have thicker buffy coat if you are sick (increased wbc)

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8
Q

percent of water in plasma

A

92% weight/volume

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9
Q

what are the electrolytes in plasma

A

sodium
potassium
calcium
magnesium
H+
HCO3-

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10
Q

concentration of sodium in plasma

A

145 mM

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11
Q

concentration of potassium in plasma

A

4-5 mM

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12
Q

concentration of calcium in plasma

A

2-2.5 mM

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13
Q

concentration of magnesium in plasma

A

1.5 mM

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14
Q

concentration of H+ in plasma

A

pH 7.35-7.45

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15
Q

concentration on HCO3- in plasma

A

24 mM

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16
Q

what proteins are present in plasma

A

albumin
globulin (immune)
fibrinogen (clotting)

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17
Q

what gases are in blood

A

CO2
O2
N2 - imp when changing altitude: ie/ flying and underwater

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18
Q

what nutrients are present in plasma

A

glucose
lipids
cholesterol
vitamins
free fatty acids

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19
Q

concentration of glucose in plasma

A

5 mM

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20
Q

what percent of proteins in plasma

A

7%

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21
Q

concentration of lipids in plasma

A

7.5 mM

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22
Q

concentration of cholesterol in plasma

A

4-7 mM

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23
Q

concentration of vitamins in plasma

A

<0.1 mM

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24
Q

concentration of free fatty acids in plasma

A

0.4-2 mM

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25
what wastes are present in plasma
urea creatine uric acid bilirubin
26
lifespan of leukocytes
75 percent produced hours-days
27
lifespan of erythrocytes
20-25% cells produced 90-120 days (3-4 months)
28
cytokines
regulate haematopoiesis ???
29
mast cells
produce histamine some leave the blood and go back to tissues
30
basophil
give rise to mast cells
31
monocyte
give rise to macrophages
32
red blood cells
main role is oxygen transport requiring hemoglobin
33
hb production requires
iron, B12, folic acid
34
what is hb made of
4 globin subunits each subunit has a heme group heme group contains iron to which oxygen binds has four oxygen molecules
35
hb binding to oxygen
co-operative binding of one oxygen molecule facilitate the binding of another (when one binds it makes it more likely for another iron to bind
36
antigens of rbc surface
A & B & Rh implicated in transfusion and rejection
37
what does the P50 value mean
affinity for hemoglobin under certain saturation (subject to change) defined by partial pressure of oxygen at which hb is 50% saturated
38
what does cooperative binding of O2 produce
a sigmoid shape
39
typical value of the pO2 in capillaries of active muscles
20 mm Hg
40
typical value of pO2 in alveoli of lungs
100 mm hg
41
rbc hematocrit
lower in women than in men higher at altitude (low O2 increases this - adapts to the environment) higher in athletes
42
what is the rbc hematocrit regulated by
oxygen via EPO nutritional status menstruation/hemorrhage hormones vitamin B12 complex folic acid
43
types of anemia
hypochromic megaloblastic hemolytic aplastic
44
anemia
insufficient Hb
45
hypochromic
low Hb in rbcs, Fe difficiency
46
megaloblastic
pernicious and non-pernicious
47
hemolytic
fragile rbcs
48
aplastic
low rbc production
49
hyperbilirubinanemia
causes jaundice (yellowing of skin) can be because of brain damage or teeth problems reversed by urinary excretion
50
haematopoiesis
blood cells becoming something
51
how are platelets kept soluble
by prostacyclin which causes vasodilation
52
what is the clotting cascade consist of
factor 1-X111 prothrombin thrombin fibrinogen fibrin
53
what does exposed collagen fo in a damaged platelet
binds and activates platelets prostacyclin production is reduced
54
what is the signaling molecule in a damaged platelet
seratonin (5-HT), ATP, thromboxane A2
55
types of PMNs
neutrophils eosinophils basophils
56
neurophils
make up 50-70 percent of WBCs neutralize foreign substances
57
eosinophils
not quite phagocytes destroy invading parasites and cells
58
basophils
bad in allergies form Mast cells, release histamine, mediate allergic response and inflammation
59
monocytes
differentiate into macrophages big eaters (ingest invaders) antigen presentation aphrosis -chew up fat
60
lymphocytes
b cells t cells natural killer cells adapting immune responses

BPK 305 (5 decks)

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