Constitution

Question 0

Stamp act congress

Answer 0

Meeting I’d representatives of nine if the thirteen colonies held in New York City in 1765, during which representatives drafted a document to send to the king listening how their rights had been violated

Question 1

Mercantilism

Answer 1

An economic theory disowned to increase a nation’s wealth through the development of commercial industry and a favorable balance of trade.

Question 2

Committee of correspondence

Answer 2

Organizations in each if the American colonies created to keep colonists abreast of developments with the British; served as powerful molders of public opinion against the British.

Question 3

First continental congress

Answer 3

Meeting held in Philadelphia from September 5 to October 26, 1774, in which fifty six delegates adopted a resolution in opposition to the coercive acts

Question 4

Second continental congress

Answer 4

Meeting that convened in Philadelphia on May 10,1775, at which it was decided that an army should be raised and George Washington of Virginia was named commander in chief

Question 5

Confederation

Answer 5

Type of government where the national government derives it’s powers from the states

League of independent states

Question 6

Declaration of Independence

Answer 6

Document drafted by Thomas Jefferson in 1776 that proclaimed the right of the American colonies to separate from Great Britain.

Question 7

Articles of Confederation

Answer 7

The compact among the thirteen original states that was the basis of their government.

Written in 1776, the articles were not ratified until 1781

Question 8

Shays’s rebellion

Answer 8

A 1786 rebellion in which an army of 1,500 disgruntled and angry farmers led by Daniel shays marched to Springfield, Massachusetts, and forcibly restrained the state court from foreclosure mortgages on their farms.

Question 9

Constitution

Answer 9

A document establishing the structure, functions, and limitations of government.

Question 10

Virginia plan

Answer 10

Proposed by James Madison

•creation if powerful government with three branches– the legislative, executive, and judicial.
• Bicameral legislature
- one house elected directly by the people, the other chosen from among persons nominated by the state legislatures.
•an executive chosen by the legislature
•a judiciary also named by legislature.

Question 11

New Jersey plan

Answer 11

Proposed by states

• Strengthen the articles not replace them.
•One house legislature with one vote for each state with representatives chosen by state legislatures.
• the establishment of acts if congress as the “supreme law” if the land
- congress the power to raise revenue from duties and postal service.
•a supreme judiciary with limited power.
- members appointed for life by the executive officers.

Question 12

Great compromise

Answer 12

•state has same number of representatives in senate regardless of the size
• representation in the house was determined by population
- has power to originate bills fit raising revenue
• divided national and state power
- national power supreme

Question 13

Three fifths compromise

Answer 13

Each slave was to be counted as three- fifths of a person for representation in the US House of Representatives

Question 14

Separation of powers

Answer 14

A way if dividing power among three branches of government

Question 15

Checks and balances

Answer 15

A governmental structure that gives each if the three branches of government some degree of oversight and control over the actions of others

Question 16

Federal system

Answer 16

Plan of government created in the US constitution in which power is divided between the national government and the state government

Question 17

Judicial checks on government

Answer 17

Legislative
• rule federal and state laws unconstitutional

Executive
• declare executive branch actions unconstitutional.
• Chief Justice presides over impeachment trial.

Question 18

Legislative checks on government

Answer 18

Judicial
• change the number and jurisdiction of federal courts.
• impeach federal judges.
• propose constitutional amendments to override judicial decisions.

Executive
• impeach the president.
• reject legislation or funding the president wants.
• refuse to confirm nominees or approve treaties.
• override the president’s veto by a two-thirds vote.

Question 19

Executive checks on government

Answer 19

Legislative
•veto legislation
• call congress into special session
• carry out laws passed by congress

Judicial
• appoint federal judges
• refuse to implement decision

Question 20

Enumerated powers

Answer 20

Powers granted to congress under Article 1 section 8

• Taxation
• coinage of money
• regulation of commerce
• authority to provide for a national defense.

Question 21

Necessary and proper clause

Answer 21

Article 1 section 8

Congress has the authority to pass all laws “necessary and proper” to carry out the enumerated powers specified in the Constitution

Also called the elastic clause

Question 22

Implied powers

Answer 22

Powers derived from the enumerated powers and the necessary and proper clause

These powers are not stated specifically but are considered to be reasonably implied through the exercise of delicate powers.

Question 23

Supremacy clause

Answer 23

Portion of article IV

Mandating that national law is the supreme to all other laws passed by the states or by any other subdivision of government.

Question 24

Privileges and immunities clause

Answer 24

Part of articleIV of constitution guaranteeing that the citizens of each state are afforded the same rights as citizens of all other states.

Question 25

Tenth amendment

Answer 25

Powers not delegated to the United States by the constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.

Question 26

Reserve( or police) powers

Answer 26

Powers reserved to the states by the tenth Amendment that lie at the foundation of a states right to legislate for public health and welfare of its citizens.

Question 27

Concurrent powers

Answer 27

Authority possessed by both the state and national governments that may be exercised concurrently as long as that power is not exclusively within the scope if national power or in conflict with national law.

• tax
• barrow money
• make and enforce laws
• charter banks and corporations
• • spend money for the general welfare
• take private property for public purposes, with just compensation.

Question 28

Bill of attainder

Answer 28

A law declaring an act illegal with out a judicial trail.

Question 29

Ex post facto law

Answer 29

Law passed after the fact, thereby making previously legal activity illegal and subject to concurrent penalty

Prohibited by the US constitution

Question 30

Full faith and credit clause

Answer 30

Portion of Article IV of the constitution that ensures judicial decrees and contracts made on one state will be binding and enforceable in any other state

Question 31

Interstate compacts

Answer 31

Contracts between states that carry the force of law; generally now used as tool to address multi state policy

Question 32

Dual federalism

Answer 32

The belief that having separate but equally powerful levels of government is the best arrangement.

Question 33

Sixteenth amendment

Answer 33

Allowed congress to enact a national income tax

Question 34

Seventeenth amendment

Answer 34

Made senators directly elected by the people not by state legislature

Question 35

Cooperative federalism

Answer 35

The relationship between the national an state governments that began with the new deal.

Question 36

Categorical grant

Answer 36

Grant for which Congress appropriates funds for a specific purpose.

Question 37

New federalism

Answer 37

Federal/state relationship proposed by Reagan administration during the 1980s

President and congress, both republican and democrat, took steps to shrink the size of the federal government in favor if programs administered by state governments

Question 38

Block grant

Answer 38

Broad grant with few strings attached; given to states by the federal government for specified activities, such as secondary education or health services.

Secondary education or health services are an example

Question 39

Unfounded mandates

Answer 39

National laws that direct states or local governments to comply with federal rules or regulations but contagion no federal funding to defeat the cost meeting these requirements.

Question 40

Preemption

Answer 40

A concept derived from the constitution’s supremacy clause that allows the national government to override or preempt state or local actions in certain areas

Question 41

Sovereign immunity

Answer 41

The right of each state to be free drone lawsuit unless it gives permission to the suit. Under the eleventh amendment, all states are considered sovereign.