Constitutional Monarchy

Question 1

what were the religious changes made between august 1789- June 1790?

Answer 1

• pluralism abolished
• payment of annates ended
• don gratuit abolished
• church property nationalised

Question 2

what was the Civil Constitution of the Clergy? when was it?

Answer 2

12 July 1790- church structure reorganised, all clergymen become paid state officials and bishops and priests would be elected

Question 3

what was the Oath to the Civil Constitution? when was it?

Answer 3

November 1790- all clergy shall swear to be faithful to. the nation and the Constitution

Question 4

what happened to those who did not take the oath to the Constitution?

Answer 4

they would be deprived of their offices and salaries.

of 160 bishops only 7 took the oath and 55% of clergy men

Question 5

when did the assembly declare that refractory priests were counter-revolutionaries?

Answer 5

November 1791 and from may 1792 they could be deported

Question 6

when was the declaration of the rights of man and citizen? what was it?

Answer 6

august 1789- all men are born free and equal, and defended freedom of speech and religion. influenced the constitution of 1791

Question 7

in the constitution of 1791 what powers did the king have restricted?

Answer 7

the king had a suspensory veto, he retained the power to appoint ministers to form a cabinet, he was to be called king of the French

Question 8

when did Louis accept the new Constitution?

Answer 8

September 1791

Question 9

what were some of the administrative reforms made?

Answer 9

abolition of old provinces and creation of 83 departments. however jobs in these new decentralised governments often went to propertied and educated bourgeoisie

Question 10

what were the new legal rights?

Answer 10

• every accused person was to be brought before a judge within 24hrs
• torture and branding abolished
• sentences were to be fair

Question 11

When did the assembly begin to issue assignats? what were they?

Answer 11

December 1789- used as bonds for church lands and were later used like paper money. however excessive printing caused inflation

Question 12

who were the Jacobins?

Answer 12

radical left club whose members were predominantly bourgeois, had 1000 members by 1790. in 1791 became more radical which made some break off

Question 13

what was the cordeliers club?

Answer 13

left wing club whose entry fee was low and was open to men and women. founded by Danton and Desmoulins with Marat being a member

Question 14

when was the Flight to Varennes?

Answer 14

the night of 20/21 June 1791- the king tried to escape the Tuileries palace to the boarder but was caught and was escorted back to Paris

Question 15

what effect did the flight to Varennes have?

Answer 15

the general public doubted the kings interest in the revolution and when he escorted back to Paris was met with a crowd of silence. Louis was temporarily suspended

Question 16

when was Louis temporarily suspended?

Answer 16

16 July 1791 until the new Constitution had been signed

Question 17

how many deputies abstained from voting to suspend the king?

Answer 17

290

Question 18

when was the champ de mars? what was it?

Answer 18

17 July 1791- a meeting where people could sign a petition for the establishment of a republic. around 6000 attended and the Paris commune sent Lafayette to ensure order which then turned into the crowd throwing stones and gunfire on the crowds

Question 19

how many were killed at the champ de mars massacre?

Answer 19

around 50

Question 20

what effect did the Champ de mars have on the assembly?

Answer 20

it completed the spilt among the 3rd estate. with some taking the side of the moderates who thought the revolution shouldn’t go any further and the Jacobins who became more radical

Question 21

what was the journee of the 20th June 1792?

Answer 21

a mob of around 8000 s-c accompanied by national guard marched to the Tuileries to demand the king to withdraw his suspensory veto, Louis allowed his doors to be open and sported a bonnet rouge

Question 22

what was la patrie en danger?

Answer 22

11 July 1792-the fatherland in danger and was issued in response to the French reverses in war

Question 23

what was the Brunswick manifesto?

Answer 23

July 1792- manifesto written by the duke of Brunswick claiming that if the king was harmed Paris would suffer vengeance

Question 24

what was the journee of the 10th august 1792?

Answer 24

around 20,000 s-c marched on the Tuileries and national guard. the Swiss guard were defending the palace. the crowd surged through the courtyard which killed almost all the Swiss guard and 2000 s-c

Question 25

what was the outcome of the journee 10th august?

Answer 25

the Paris commune removed the king to the temple prison and declared him suspended

Question 26

what were the September massacres provoked by?

Answer 26

the news that Longwy had fallen to the enemy and there was fear that Verdun would fall (the last fort before Paris)

Question 27

what was the September massacres?

Answer 27

the fear of plots and war created a frenzy of killing as between 1000-1500 prisoners were killed. the first attacks led by federes 2nd September were on refractory priests and over the following days political prisoners and criminals were killed

Question 28

what was the outcome of the September massacres?

Answer 28

the power of the assembly was shown to be weak and the girondin blamed the Jacobins for the violence deepening the split

Question 29

when was France declared a republic?

Answer 29

22 September 1792

Question 30

who was to decide the fate of the king?

Answer 30

robespierre and the Jacobins called for an execution whilst the girondins feared that would increase unrest or provoke civil war

Question 31

what were the problems in France?

Answer 31

* growing inflation (which increased restlessness of s-c) | * the outbreak of the chouan rebellions

Question 32

what decision was made about the king?

Answer 32

he would be tried and was found guilty and executed

Question 33

how many in the convention voted the king guilty?

Answer 33

693 yes and 0 no votes however some abstained

Question 34

when was the storming of the Bastille?

Answer 34

14th July 1789- 70 attackers killed

Question 35

when did Louis dismiss necker?

Answer 35

11 July 1789

Question 36

what was the great fear? when was it?

Answer 36

between 17 july and 3 august 1789, caused by grain supplies which were being hoarded and the fear of foreign invasion.

Question 37

when were the august decrees? what did they establish?

Answer 37

4 august 1789- abolished feudal rights and obligations to landlords, ended tithes, abolished venality, abolished privilege

Question 38

when did the October days take place? what happened?

Answer 38

5 October 1789- 6000-7000 women marching with national guard to Versailles

Question 39

what was le chapeleir law? when was it?

Answer 39

June 1791- limited freedom of association and prevented workers from striking and forming trade unions

Question 40

when was the declaration of pillnitz? what did it declare?

Answer 40

27 august 1791- the French crown should be restored to previous powers and military force should be used to bring it about

Question 41

when did Louis dismiss the entire ministry?

Answer 41

13 June 1792- following the National Assembly decrees and declaration of war

Question 42

how many girondin deputies were elected in Paris in September 1792 to the national convention?

Answer 42

NO Girondin deputes elected

Question 43

when did national convention elections take place?

Answer 43

September 1792, clashed with September massacres