Constitutionalism

Question 1

Which countries were Anti-absolutist?

Answer 1

England, Netherlands, Sweden, and Poland

Question 2

When were England’s revolutions?

Answer 2

1642-1660 and 1688-1689

Question 3

What was the end result of the English revolutions?

Answer 3

Overthrow of 2 kings, election of parliament, and guarantee of rights to the citizens

Question 4

What is constitutionalism?

Answer 4

Rulers share power with a parliament if elected representatives

Question 5

Why did the English Civil War 1642 happen?

Answer 5

It broke out between the parliment and the king over the role of the church in England

Question 6

What did the Petition of Right 1628 do?

Answer 6

It defined that the king could not levy taxes without the consent of parliament

Question 7

What is Charles’ I loophole to the Petition of Right?

Answer 7

He just ices them out from 1629 to 1640

Question 8

What was the main religion of England under Charles I

Answer 8

Anglican (puritan majority)

Question 9

What religion did Charles I prefer?

Answer 9

Catholicism

Question 10

How did Charles I respond to the Puritans rising up against his Catholic practices?

Answer 10

Arrests, beatings, exiles, and violently silencing Puritains publicly

Question 11

Who came to help the Puritans in England?

Answer 11

The scottish launched an invasion to insight a political crisis

Question 12

What does the war against the Scots force Charles I to do?

Answer 12

Call parliament into session

Question 13

What happened when parliament was finally called back into session?

Answer 13

They challenged Charles’ I tax proposals and undid policies passed when they were not in secession

Question 14

What was Charles I fighting?

Answer 14

A two from war against the Scots and parliament

Question 15

When was Charles I beheaded?

Answer 15

1649

Question 16

Who took over after Charles I?

Answer 16

Oliver Cromwell

Question 17

What kind of regime did Cromwell run?

Answer 17

A Puritan Republic

Question 18

How did Cromwell “see himself”

Answer 18

A representative of God with no tolerance

Question 19

Which countries did Oliver cromwell fight expensive wars against?

Answer 19

Scotland and Ireland

Question 20

How did Cromwell further oppress his people?

Answer 20

No public newspapers, spies, destabilizing certainty in society

Question 21

What happened when Cromwell died in 1660?

Answer 21

It left a power vacuum

Question 22

What happened during the Restoration?

Answer 22

The power went back into the monarchy

Question 23

Who rose into power in 1660 after Cromwell?

Answer 23

Charles II with the full consent of parliament

Question 24

Why was Charles II popular?

Answer 24

He was athletic, pretty, and granted religious freedom for Anglicans

Question 25

Why does the Charles Family lose power?

Answer 25

They do not have any children

Question 26

Who steps up after Charles II in 1685?

Answer 26

James II

Question 27

Why wasn't James II popular?

Answer 27

He was very stubborn and a practicing Catholic; pro Catholic policies mad parliament mad

Question 28

How did James II break parliament?

Answer 28

Into the Tories and Whigs

Question 29

What were the Torries' beliefs?

Answer 29

Strong, hereditary monarchy and ceremonial aspects of Anglicanism (conservatives)

Question 30

What were the Whigs' beliefs?

Answer 30

Power of parliament and tolerance for protestants

Question 31

Why did the factions rise and unite?

Answer 31

1688 James' wife is pregnant and they oppose secession

Question 32

What was parliaments solution to James' heir?

Answer 32

Bring in the Netherlands!

Question 33

What was the Glorious Revolution?

Answer 33

Parliament calls William and Mary (daughter of James II) from the Netherlands to wage war for the power of the throne

Question 34

What surprise did William and Mary face when they arrived with 15,000 troops?

Answer 34

James II had already fled back to France

Question 35

In 1689, what did William agree to?

Answer 35

The Bill of Rights

Question 36

What are the key components of the 1689 Bill of Rights?

Answer 36

Full partnership with parliament No taxing without consent No standing army Parliament must be called into secession every three years Free elections (just nobles) No suspending dually passed laws

Question 37

Who were the Jacobites?

Answer 37

A Catholic opposition group who allied with the Scots

Question 38

How did the Aristocracy split after the Glorious Revolution?

Answer 38

They split into the Peers in the House of Lords and the Gentry in the House of Commons

Question 39

Who was in the Peers in the House of Lords?

Answer 39

100-200 Elite families (old money)

Question 40

Who was in the Gentry in the House of Commons?

Answer 40

Landed gentelment and commercial wealth (new money)

Question 41

What was the Act of Toleratin of 1689?

Answer 41

Tolerance of all protestants if take an oath of allegiance to England and participate in occasional Anglican communions

Question 42

Who did the Act of Toleration of 1689 exclude?

Answer 42

Catholics, Jews, and Unitarians