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Tom APC 2023 > Construction Tech & Environmental Services > Flashcards

Construction Tech & Environmental Services Flashcards

1
Q

What is the RIBA Plan of Works

A

Provides a shared framework for organising the process of briefing, designing, constructing and operating building projects.

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2
Q

How many stages are there in the RIBA Plan of Work 2020

A

8 (0-7)

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3
Q

What are the 8 RIBA work stages

A

0: Strategic definition
1: Preparation and briefing
2: Concept design
3: Spatial co-ordination
4: Technical Design
5: Manufacturing and construction
6: Handover
7: Use

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4
Q

What is RIBA stage 0 for - strategic definition

A

Determining the best way of achieving the client’s requirements

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5
Q

What is RIBA stage 1 for - preparation and briefing

A

Developing the detail of the brief and carrying out feasibility studies to ensure that the brief can be accommodated on site.

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6
Q

What is RIBA stage 2 for - concept design

A

The initial design response to the project brief

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7
Q

What is RIBA stage 3 for - spatial co-ordination

A

Testing and validating the Architectural Concept, to make sure that the architectural and engineering information prepared at Stage 2 is Spatially Coordinated

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8
Q

What is RIBA stage 4 for - technical design

A

Developing info required to construct the building. This requires input from the design team and specialist contractors

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9
Q

What is RIBA stage 5 for - manufacturing & construction

A

Any design during the construction phase

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10
Q

What is RIBA stage 6 for - handover

A

Closing out any defects and completing the tasks required to conclude the building contract

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11
Q

What is RIBA stage 7 for - use

A

For aftercare activities while in use.

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12
Q

On my Robins Court, Clapham project what were the pros of using screw piles given the space limitations on site

A

Reduce the volume of excavation and concrete

Negates the need for a concrete pump

Almost silent for neighbours

No spoil

Installation isn’t weather dependent

Quicker installation

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13
Q

On my Amen Corner, Binfield project what were the pros of using porotherm blocks.

A

Provide higher compressive strength compared to concrete blocks

Quicker to lay due to interlocking and lightweight design

Acoustically and thermally efficient

Recyclable

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14
Q

On my Amen Corner, Binfield project what were the cons of using porotherm blocks.

A

Higher material cost

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15
Q

Why were porotherm bricks recommended in the end on Amen corner, binley.

A

Because while the material cost was higher, the programme saving would save time related costs.

Plus it had a higher level of performance and sustainability

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16
Q

What are the sustainable features of porotherm bricks

A

150 year life expectancy with little or no maintenance required

Recyclable

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17
Q

What are the pros of bathroom pods

A

Works can progress on site while they’re being manufactured off site

Quicker installation

Enhanced quality control

Reduced labour costs

H&S benefits

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18
Q

What are the cons of bathrooom pods

A

Transportation and logistics

Long lead times

Site constraints (space, access etc)

Transportation costs

Upfront payment before install

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19
Q

What quality checks are carried out on bathroom pods

A

Material inspection

Dimensional accuracy

Plumbing and electrical tests

Finishing and aesthetics

H&S and Compliance checks

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20
Q

Why is concrete more suitable for residential buildings compared to steel

A

Better acoustic and fire performance

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21
Q

What’s the difference between driven and bored piles

A

Driven piles are formed off site

Bored piles are cast in concrete on site

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22
Q

What are the 5 main types of piling

A

Bored
Driven
Screw
Mini
Sheet

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23
Q

What does BREEAM stand for

A

Building research establishment environmental assessment method

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24
Q

How many BREEAM assessment categories are there

A

9

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25
Q

What are the 9 BREEAM categories

A

Energy
Water
Transport
Management
Waste
Pollution
Health and well being
Land use and ecology
Materials

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26
Q

What are the 5 BREEAM scores and what score % do you need for each

A

Pass - 30%
Good - 45%
Very good - 55%
Excellent - 70%
Outstanding - 85%

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27
Q

What is the Future Homes and Buildings Standard

A

It compliments the Building Regs to ensure new homes built from 2025 produce 75-80% less carbon emissions than homes under the old regulations

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28
Q

What parts of the building regs are proposed to change under the future homes and building standard?

A

Part L - conservation of fuel and power

Part F - ventilation

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29
Q

In which year is the Uk targeted to achieve net zero carbon emissions

A

2050

30
Q

What trends have you seen between concrete and steel frame prices

A

Steel prices are volatile and have been subject to significant increases recently due to Ukraine and energy prices

31
Q

Pros and cons of steel compared to concrete

A

Pros

Fast erection on site

Comparatively Lightweight

Gain more net internal area due to columns and beams being smaller

Cons

Inflation/ market uncertainty

Fire proofing costs

Prone to corrosion

32
Q

Pros and cons of concrete compared to steel

A

Pros

Naturally Fire and Water resistant

Easy to mould and shape

Energy efficient when producing

Higher compressive strength

CONS

Low tensile strength and so requires reinforcement

Long curing time/ slower installation

Requires form work on site

33
Q

Describe how a green roof works

A

Green roof absorbs water into the greenery and any excess is drained off

34
Q

Describe how a blue roof works

A

The blue roof fills with rain water. Valves are installed to control whether the water is retained or drained.

35
Q

What does the IPMS do

A

Tells you how to measure buildings by function (resi, warehouse, office etc.)

36
Q

What’s the most economical shape in terms of wall to floor ratio

A

Circle

37
Q

Name some renewable energy technologies

A

Ground source heat pump

Air source heat pump

PV panels

38
Q

Name the 4 main types of foundations

A

Piled

Pad

Raft

Strip

39
Q

Out of the three foundations which does not require reinforcement

Pad
Raft
Strip

A

Strip

40
Q

What three factors drive the choice of foundations

A

Ground conditions

Site constraints

The building it’s supporting

41
Q

Pros and cons of modular construction

A

Cons
- Less renowned in the industry
- Harder to make changes once in manufacture
- Delivery logistics and site constraints
- Have to pay for materials off site
- Delivery fees
- Front loaded design

Pros
- Higher quality control checks
- Quicker installation once on site
- Reduced risk of weather delay
- Lower labour costs
- Less waste

42
Q

What does CFA stand for

A

Continuous flight auger

43
Q

How does an air source heat pump work

A

Outside air is drawn in over a network of tubes filled with refrigerant gas, which circulates at -28°c to extract heat energy from the air outside.

The gas passes through a compressor which increases the pressure and temperature causing it to change from a cold gas to a hot liquid.

The compressed hot liquid passes into a heat exchanger that heats water. The refrigerant then turns back into a cold gas and starts the cycle all over again.

44
Q

How do PV panels work

A

When the sun shines onto a solar panel, energy from the sunlight is absorbed by the PV cells in the panel. This energy creates electrical charges.

The electrical charge creates a DC current which is then converted to an AC current by a converter to make it useable in the building.

45
Q

How does a ground source heat pump work

A

Water/refrigerant fluid is circulated through a series of pipes, absorbing thermal energy from the ground and circulating it back to the heat pump.

A compressor inside the heat pump increases the temperature and it’s then passed to a heat exchanger which transfers the heat to hot water.

Once the fluid has delivered heat to the distribution system, it’s then passed through an expansion valve which cools it before it repeats the circuit all over again.

46
Q

What’s a pad foundation

A

Pad foundations are formed by concrete ‘pads’ that support localised single-point loads such as structural columns, groups of columns or framed structures.

47
Q

Why would you use a pad foundations

A

When the ground has an adequate load bearing capacity at shallow depths.

Pad foundations can be selected as they do not require much excavation.

To support localised loads (columns)

48
Q

What are raft foundations

A

A raft foundation is a reinforced concrete slab under the whole of a building, ‘floating’ on the ground as a raft floats on water

49
Q

When would you use raft foundations

A

Floor areas are small and structural loadings are low, such as in one or two-storey domestic buildings.

A basement is required.

Ground conditions are poor and strip or pad foundations would require significant excavation, for example on bad soil or on soft clay.

Settlement, or differential settlement is likely.

Where it may be impractical to create separate strip or pad foundations for a large number of individual loads. In very general terms, if strip or pad foundations would cover 50% or more of the floor area, then a raft may be more appropriate.

50
Q

What are foundations

A

Foundations provide support for structures, transferring their load into the ground.

51
Q

Name the three types of shallow foundations

A

Strip
Raft
Pad

52
Q

When Would deep foundations be required

A

where the bearing capacity of the surface soils is not adequate to support the loads imposed by a structure

53
Q

Name the two high level foundations categories

A

Deep and shallow

54
Q

What are strip foundations

A

Strip foundations are used to provide a continuous strip of support for linear structures such as walls or closely-spaced rows of columns.

55
Q

When would you use strip foundations

A

Strip foundations are suitable for supporting linear loads and are most suitable where soil is of relatively good bearing capacity.

56
Q

What are piled foundations

A

Pile foundations are used to transfer the loads from superstructures, through weak strata or water onto stronger soil or rock at depth.

57
Q

When are piled foundations used

A

They are typically used for large structures, and in situations where soil is not suitable to prevent excessive settlement.

58
Q

What is CFA piling (continuous flight auger)

A

It’s a type of bored piling method where the boring and pouring takes place simultaneously

59
Q

Explain how bored piles work

A

Bored piles remove spoil to form a hole for the pile which is poured in situ

60
Q

What are sheet piles

A

Sheet piles are sections of sheet materials with interlocking edges that are driven into the ground to provide earth retention and excavation support.

61
Q

What are mini piles and when are they used

A

They can be driven or screw piles and tend to be used where access is restricted, for example underpinning structures affected by settlement.

62
Q

What’s the difference between friction piles and and end bearing piles

A

End-bearing piles develop most of their load-bearing capacity at the toe of the pile whereas friction piles develop it down the sides.

63
Q

Are friction and end bearing piles bored or driven

A

Can be both

64
Q

What different forms of fire protection are you aware of on steel frame

A

Intumescent paint

Fire rated boarding

65
Q

How does intumescent paint work

A

The coating reacts with the heat and swells and forms a char layer that covers the steel which prevents it from burning

66
Q

What is BREEAM

A

It’s used to measure the sustainability performance of buildings

67
Q

What’s a U-Value

A

Measures how effective elements of a buildings fabric are as thermal insulators

68
Q

What’s a s38

A

Construction of a new highway to be adopted

69
Q

What’s a s278

A

Alterations and improvements to existing highways

70
Q

Name the two classification for disposing material off site

A

Hazardous

Non hazardous

Tom APC 2023 (17 decks)

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