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Large Animal Medicine II > Contagious Mastitis > Flashcards

Contagious Mastitis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the importance of mastitis?

A
  • Expensive to the owner
  • Painful to the cows
  • Alters flavor for consumer
  • Potentially spreads disease
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2
Q

How many teats does a cow have? Goat?

A

Cows have 1 udder and 4 mammary glands (quarters)

Goats have i udder and 2 mammary glands (halves)

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3
Q

What is the basic pathogenesis of mastitis?

A

Organisms on teat enter the teat and make their way to the mammary gland –> colonize the milk gland and cause mastitis

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4
Q

How can you control mastitis?

A

Remove organisms from skin, limit organism multiplication or remove from interior quickly, treat/ manage cows with active infection

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5
Q

What defenses prevent bacteria from entering?

A

Teat canal has a physical barrier (teat sphincter, keratin plug) and some antimicrobial activity

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6
Q

What defenses prevent infection from occuring

A

Phagocytic WBCs/ somatic cells

A healthy gland has >100,000 cells/mL (mostly mononuclear)

An infect gland has 200,000 - 1,000,000 cells/ mL (mostly PMN)

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7
Q

What is the predominant form of mastitis?

A

Subclinical mastitis –> no visible signs but affects yield and competition

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8
Q

How do you read a California Mastitis Test?

A

N=Negative –> no infection, no mixture thickening

T=Trace –> possible infection, mixture thickening, trace reaction, 300,000 SCC (subclinical mastitis)

1 = Weak Positive –> Infected, distinct thickening, no gel formation, 900,000 SCC (subclinical mastitis)

2 = Distinct positive –> Infected, immediate mixture thickening, 2.7 million SCC (serious mastitis)

3=Distinct Positive –> Infected, gel forms and looks like a fried egg, 8.1 million SCC (serious mastitis)

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9
Q

What is the predominant form of clinical mastitis?

A

Mild clinical mastitis –> has visible changes in milk color/ viscosity/ consistency

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10
Q

What clinical signs do you see with moderate clinical mastitis?

A

Changes in milk and visibly inflamed gland (redness, heat, pain, swelling)

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11
Q

What is the least common form of clinical mastitis?

A

Severe clinical mastitis –> has changes in milk, visibly inflamed gland, and sick cow (fever anorexia, depression, dehydration, weakness, death)

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12
Q

How is contagious mastitis spread?

A

From cow to cow at milking time, milk-contaminate fomites

Reservoir = mammary gland

Will usually be persistent and subclinical

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13
Q

How is environmental mastitis occur?

A

Acquired when teat skin is infected with environmental pathogens

Infection acquired between milkings or dry period

Mastitis is transient and clinical

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14
Q

How long should you prep the cow to optimize milk ejection?

A

20-60 seconds

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15
Q

What are the most important fomites in the spread of mastitis?

A

Milking cluster, towels/ sponges used on more than 1 cow, hands on milking staff

Infection can also be spread when air slips into milking liner, causing pathogens to be spread from one teat to another

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16
Q

What is the best way to prevent new infections?

A

Post-milk teat disinfection

Needs to be applied appropriately

Also need to prevent spread through fomites, make sure equipment is working properly

Milk infected cows last/ separately

Cull

17
Q

How do you diagnose contagious mastitis?

A
  • Hi SCC in bulk milk
  • High proportion of cows with high SCC
  • Culture milk
18
Q

What are the major pathogens of contagious mastitis?

A

Major mastitis pathogens: Strep agalactea, Staph aureus, Mycoplasma bovis (requires special conditions, not responsive to treatment –> get rid of cow)

Minor pathogens: Corynebacterium bovis

19
Q

How do you treat contagious mastitis?

A
  • Intramammary antibiotics during lactation/ during dry period (dry period has higher success rate)
  • Cull
  • Stop milking/ chemically inactivate gland
  • Milk separately
20
Q

How can you maximize the effectiveness of mastitis treatment?

A
  • Select young animals with low infections/ SCC numbers
  • Susceptible ABs –> test for B-lactamase
  • Extended treatment length
  • Vaccinate with commercial bacterin
21
Q

What are some special considerations about staphylococcal contagious mastitis?

A
  • Can potentially be transmitted by flies

- Control with pre-lactation antibiotics, fly control, nose rings

22
Q

What are some special consideration about Mycoplasmal contagious mastitis?

A
  • Can experience polyarthritis, respiratory disease, otitis media

Control by not feeding unpasteurized milk to calves and vaccinate

23
Q

What is the purpose of the Minnesota Easy Culture System?

A

Easily to cultures certain bacteria, can be done by farmers, indicates whether the cow needs treatment or not

24
Q

Why do you feed cows after milking?

A
  • Make them stand long enough to form a fibrin plug –> prevents bacteria from entering

Large Animal Medicine II (15 decks)

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