Contempary: Sebastian & Hernandez-Gil 2012

Question 1

Sample

Answer 1

570 volunteers from Madrid schools aged 5-17
No hearing/reading/writing difficulties

Question 2

What type of sample

Answer 2

Volunteer

Question 3

Aim(s)

Answer 3

Investigate the development of the phonological loop in children aged 5-17 by using digit span, and to compare the findings to previous research of adult, aged and dementia patients

Question 4

Digit span

Answer 4

Refers to memory span and coaching of STM without rehearsal (how many numbers your recall)

Question 5

IV

Answer 5

Age of participants

Question 6

DV

Answer 6

Digit Span

Question 7

What were the 5 age groups/cohorts

Answer 7

5
6-8
9-11
12
14
15-17

Question 8

Procedure

Answer 8

A group and the average day for each age and each age group
Tested individually, participants were read increasing sequences of digits to recall in the correct order
They were red at one per second and the digit list increase one digit per sequence
The digit span was recorded as the maximum digit recalled in the correct order without error

Question 9

What was the procedure?

Answer 9

Standardised

Question 10

What does a standardised procedure mean

Answer 10

Study is replicable

Question 11

Explain how the study has a high level of population validity

Answer 11

Size of sample was large - 570 children

Question 12

What is a high level of population validity mean?

Answer 12

High generalisability

Question 13

Are the results capable of being generalised to wider population

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

What were the good controls in the experiment

Answer 14

Stimulus shown
Time of day
Procedure

Question 15

What does the good controls give the study

Answer 15

High interval validity

Question 16

What does high internal validity mean for the study

Answer 16

It can be replicated
Similar results can be shown

Question 17

What can the study being held in the school create

Answer 17

Extraneous variables

Question 18

How does extraneous variables effect the study

Answer 18

Decrease reliability

Question 19

How can the results be applied to a wider population

Answer 19

Tracking of digit span across ages which gives an idea of what age learning becomes easier

Question 20

To what scenario can the study being applied to

Answer 20

Give aid to primary schools and students are educated

Question 21

2 weaknesses regarding validity

Answer 21

Artificial test
Not a good representative of how STM works in every day life

Question 22

How is the study ecologically valid

Answer 22

Set in a school which means if is a field experiment

Question 23

How does the study make participant appear as vulnerable

Answer 23

Target groups were those under 16 or people with dementia/ Alzheimer’s

Question 24

Issues for consent

Answer 24

Not proper informed consent from participants

Question 25

Who had lowest age span of 3.76

Answer 25

5 years

Question 26

Who had digit span of 4.34

Answer 26

6-8 years

Question 27

9 year olds had an increase from ? To ? digits in their span

Answer 27

4 to 5

Question 28

What age had a digit span of 5.13

Answer 28

11 years

Question 29

What was the digit span of 17 year olds

Answer 29

5.91

Question 30

What was the general correction of digit span with age

Answer 30

As digit span increases, age increases

Question 31

What age does digit span rise steadily until

Answer 31

11

Question 32

What happens to digit span after 11 year olds

Answer 32

It slows

Question 33

What conclusion was found when looking at older people and those with dementia

Answer 33

Significance between healthy older people and those with dementia Age affects digit span not dementia

Question 34

What did they study in 2010 with elderly participants find

Answer 34

Elderly participants had a higher digit span than the 5 year olds in this study

Question 35

What patients showed mean digit span of 4.20

Answer 35

Alzheimer’s dementia

Question 36

What type of patients had a digit span of 4.22

Answer 36

Those with fronto-temporal dementia

Question 37

What digit span did the control group of healthy older people have

Answer 37

4.44

Question 38

What does the healthy older people’s digit span show

Answer 38

Higher digit span than 5 and 6 year olds Did not differ from other groups like dementia and Alzheimer’s