Contemporary issues in physical alctivity and sport. Flashcards
(33 cards)
Define ethics.
Rules that dictate an individuals conduct.
Define deviance.
Unacceptable behaviours within a culture.
Briefly describe blood doping.
Approx 2 pints of blood is removed from the body and frozen. It is injected back in, but as a result the persons red blood cell count would have increased, so higher levels of haemoglobin would be present. More O2 transported to working muscles, delaying muscular fatigue.
Give 3 examples of performance-enhancing drugs.
- Anabolic steroids. Enable performers to train harder and longer, increasing their strength.
- Beta blockers. Control the HR and keep the athlete calm.
- Stimulants. Brain stimulants that increases alertness. (Amphetamines)
Give an example of a legal supplement.
GIve 2 disadavantages of using it.
Protein Shakes.
Causes kidney problems and affects bone density.
Why do athletes use illegal drugs?
Culture of cheating in sport.
Desire to win.
Financial gain.
Governing bodies cant afford drug tests, so no threat of being caught.
What consequences can arise form using drugs in sports?
- Health issues. There can be severe dangers to health and well-being, and even death.
- Recieve a ban, dropped from the team, dropped by sponsors.
- Sport reflects society, so can encourage widespread drug use, even among children.
- Lead to a culture of cheating in sport.
What stratergies are used to stop the use of illegal drugs in sport?
WADA = World Anti-Doping Agency
Educate about health risks.
More harsh punichments; 4 year ban and lifetime ban if caught twice.
Define violence.
Intense physical force that is directed towards harming another individual or group of individuals and can cause injury or death.
Give 5 causes of violence in sport.
- Desire to win can become overwhelming.
- Type of sport (Rugby vs Javelin)
- Spectators, aggressive when consuming alcohol.
- Media/social media.
- Athletes taking drugs.
How can social media cause violence in sport?
Fights at football matches can be pre-arranged over social media.
What are some social implications of violence in sport?
- Violence is viewed as the “norm”, so children may adopt aggressive behaviours.
- Encourages spectators to be aggressive.
- Parents may stop letting children participate.
What are some stratergies to prevent violence?
- Use of punishments - bans, fines etc
- Education to avoid violence.
- Law enforcement - block spectators passports.
- Promote friendships between rival teams.
- CCTV cameras used in stadiums to spot violence.
Define match fixing.
Give an example.
When a ports competition is played to a completely or pre-determined result.
2006 Italian football match fixing scandal
Define bribery.
Form of persuasion (usually money) is used to convice someone to perform a ceratin way.
What factors can lead to commercialisation?
> Increased participation in sport. > Increased spectatorship. > Increased media interest. > Increased professionalism of athletes. > More advertising. > Dedicated TV channels / radio stations for sport.
Give some positive impacts of commercialism
Increases interest in that sport
Increased money for the sport.
Increased money for the athlete.
Give some negative impacts of commercialism
> Female sports are less popular, so results in fewer sponsors.
Disability sports rarely recieve media attention.
Pressure on individual sports athletes to please sponsors.
Prices to attend certain sporting events have increased dramatically.
Sporting clubs have become a brand (ETHIDAD stadium)
How has the internet changed the way spectators wacth sport?
> More sports available to stream live.
Can watch on demand / on catch up
Can watch sport while travelling (on your phone)
Can watch some live sports for free.
Give some changes in last 40 years that have occurred due to media coverage.
> More female and disability sports are now represented.
Pay per view introduced.
Introduction of dedicated radio stations for sport.
Give some positive effects of the media on sport
> Raise the profile of a sport or players
Increase no of people participating
Increase financial revenue (sponsorship)
Sport more accessible to a wider audience due to different types of media (social media)
Give some negative effects of the media on sport.
> Pressure on individual performers.
Highlights bad behaviour in sport / athletes
Media can be intrusive & interferes with personal lives
Media limited to major sports.
Subscriptions can be expensive
Many sport events are now subscription only.
Briefly describe the golden triangle.
Relationship between sport spectators, sponsorship and the media.
How has modern technology changed general participation in sport?
> Improved facilities and access to facilities.
Improved surfaces (Astro)
Wearable tech
Fitness testing can be done at home.
