Contemporary Religion and Society Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is the meaning of Structural Functionalism?
Religion that creates social order in society.
What is the meaning of Jihad?
The Arabic term for ‘striving’ or struggling. In Islam it means to ‘struggle in the way of Allah’.
What is the meaning of Pacifism?
The belief that war and violence are unjustifiable and that all disputes should be settled by peaceful means.
What is the meaning of Profane?
Ordinary mundane things; like work, bills and shopping
What is the meaning of Sacred?
Things that are set apart from society as extraordinary, awe-inspiring and deserving of respect; like rituals and places of worship
What is the meaning of War?
An organised conflict usually consisting of intense violence carried out by one state or states against another state or states.
What is the meaning of Sexism?
Prejudice against a person because of their gender.
What is the meaning of Sexual discrimination?
When a person acts on their prejudice against someone because of their gender.
What is the meaning of Sociology?
The study of society and how many humans act in groups.
What is the meaning of Greater Jihad?
This is every Muslim’s personal struggle to follow Allah. This is daily life for a Muslim, trying to lead the best life they can, worshipping Allah whilst facing everyday difficulties, making moral choices and dealing with hardships.
What is the meaning of Lesser Jihad?
This is a ‘Holy War’ in defence of Islam. A just war, fought as a last resort. There are strict rules for lesser jihad which Muslims must abide by.
What is the meaning of The Conflict Theory?
That religion entrenches political and economic inequality, as well as gender and racial inequality.
Who argued for the Conflict Theory?
Karl Marx
Who introduced the idea of Structural Functionalism?
Emile Durkheim
Who introduced the Just War Theory?
Thomas Aquinas
What did Plato argue for war?
That war should only be waged, if it could be justified and how it should be fought.
What are all six requirements of a just war?
1) Last Resort
2) A Just Cause
3) Valid Authority
4) Probable Success
5) Proportionality
6) Exit Strategy
What are two pros and cons of Just War and Jihad?
Pros
- It tries to protect innocent civilians
- It creates rules of conduct in war
- It rejects the idea of retribution
- It places moral integrity over power
Cons
- The concept of war and justice are incompatible
- It is open to abuse
- It suggests the lives of soldiers are less valuable than civilians.
Can you name a pro and con for Buddhism gender roles?
Pro - If a man denies the possibility of enlightenment to a woman, then his own enlightenment is impossible. (Lotus Sutra)
Con - Woman may pray that their rebirth is a man
Can you name a pro and con for Islamic gender roles?
Pro - According to the Qur’an, men and woman have the same spiritual nature
Con - All religious leaders are men and woman don’t pray at the front of the mosque.
Can you name a pro and con for Hinduism gender roles?
Pro - Good treatment of women is seen as a blessing. (laws of Manu)
Con - All Brahmin priests are male
Can you name a pro and con for Christianity gender roles?
Pro - “God created mankind in his own image” Genesis 1:27
Con - Woman cannot be priests in the Roman Catholic Church.
Can you name a pro and con for Judaism gender roles?
Pro - In progressive Judaism women can be rabbis and God is seen as having no gender
Con - Many women sit separately to men and do not take part in synagogue services
Can you name a pro and con for Sikhism gender roles?
Pro - Men and woman may lead religious services. God is neither male or female.
Con - It is unusual to find a woman in the role of Granthi.
