Content Flashcards

Question

What aspect of health may exercise improve in individuals with leg pain from IC?

Answer 1

Quality of life ## Footnote Quality of life encompasses various factors, including physical, emotional, and social well-being.

Answer 2

The same as those for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease: * Poorly managed hypertension * High serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels * History of tobacco use and smoking ## Footnote PAD stands for Peripheral Artery Disease, which is associated with reduced blood flow to the limbs.

Answer 3

Arterial insufficiency with gangrene, a nonhealing ischemic ulcer, or rest pain ## Footnote Corroborated by at least 1 of the following hemodynamic criteria.

Answer 4

Deficits of sensation, motor impairments, autonomic dysfunction ## Footnote Clinical signs include loss of reflexes, decreased vibratory sensation, loss of protective sensation, weakness, atrophy of foot muscles, inadequate hemodynamic mechanisms, skin changes, and distal hair loss.

Answer 5

Loss of Achilles and patellar reflexes, decreased vibratory sensation, loss of protective sensation ## Footnote These deficits indicate impaired sensory function, which is crucial for balance and injury prevention.

Answer 6

Weakness and atrophy of the intrinsic muscles of the foot ## Footnote These impairments can lead to difficulties in walking and maintaining balance.

Answer 7

Inadequate or abnormal hemodynamic mechanism, tropic changes of the skin, distal loss of hair ## Footnote Autonomic dysfunction can affect blood flow, skin health, and hair growth, indicating systemic involvement.

Answer 8

Adequate blood supply, it provides nutrients, oxygen for wound bed, removes waste products, and transports cells involved in healing. ## Footnote Blood supply is essential as it provides the necessary components for healing.

Answer 9

Barefoot, in socks only, or in thin-soled standard slippers ## Footnote This is to prevent injuries and complications.

Answer 10

Prescribing therapeutic shoes, custom-made insoles, or toe orthosis ## Footnote These options help in managing foot health and preventing ulcers.

Answer 11

1. Must have adequate circulation to ensure healing of incision and surgical reconstruction 2. Preserve as many anatomical joints as possible ## Footnote These principles are critical in ensuring the success of the amputation and subsequent rehabilitation.

Answer 12

Lower walking speed ## Footnote Amputee patients display a significant reduction in walking speed post-amputation.

Answer 13

Lower range of motion values ## Footnote Patients show reduced range of motion in these joints after amputation.

Answer 14

More flexed hip profile ## Footnote Amputee patients tend to adopt a hip posture that is more flexed.

Answer 15

Increased pain and lower quality of life ## Footnote Patients report higher levels of pain and diminished quality of life following the procedure.

Answer 16

Disarticulates the talocrural, trims the malleoli to create a flat weight-bearing surface, and repositions the fat pad and soft tissue of the heel under the distal tibia and fibula ## Footnote This procedure is typically performed to remove the foot while preserving the ankle joint.

Answer 17

Extensive gangrene of the foot complicated by infection ## Footnote This type of amputation allows for initial management of severe infections.

Answer 18

To control the infection through antibiotics and local wound care ## Footnote This approach allows for better healing before further surgical intervention.

Answer 19

Revision of the residual limb more proximally and a formal transtibial or transfemoral amputation ## Footnote Standard closure techniques are employed during this stage.

Answer 20

False ## Footnote There is a delay to allow for infection control before revision.

Answer 21

5 to 7 inches below the joint line through the tibia and fibula

Answer 22

Larger total surface area to distribute pressures within the socket and long lever arm potentially enhances prosthetic control

Answer 23

A surgical procedure where holes are drilled through the tibia and flaps are sutured to the marrow cavity. ## Footnote Myodesis helps secure muscle tissue to bone.

Answer 24

A surgical procedure where flexor and extensor muscles are sutured together and to the tibial periosteum. ## Footnote Myoplasty aims to maintain muscle function and bulk.

Answer 25

Preserves blood and lymphatic return, maintains muscle bulk and action. ## Footnote It helps ensure functional mobility post-surgery.

Answer 26

A surgical technique involving periosteal flaps from the tibia and fibula sutured together to form a bridge across the distal tibia and fibula.

Answer 27

To provide a pressure tolerant weight bearing surface and prevent rotation of the fibula.

Answer 28

Prevention of heterotopic ossification.

Answer 29

Preservation or reattachment of the adductor brevis, adductor longus, and especially adductor magnus provides sufficient power for stabilization of the residual limb in adduction in stance.

Answer 30

Gait would be unsteady and the pelvis may not remain level.

Answer 31

A single-stage procedure with rapid rehabilitation and immediate weight-bearing.

Answer 32

Daily hygiene.

Answer 33

Skin irritation and mild infection.

Answer 34

High-impact activities such as running or jumping.

Answer 35

Anemia due to blood loss and decreased bone marrow ## Footnote Hemoglobin levels are critical for evaluating the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood.

Answer 36

12-16 g/dL ## Footnote Normal ranges may vary based on the population and laboratory standards.

Answer 37

14-17.4 g/dL ## Footnote Normal ranges may vary based on the population and laboratory standards.

Answer 38

* Decreased endurance * Decreased activity tolerance * Pallor * Tachycardia ## Footnote These symptoms indicate a reduced capacity for physical activity and oxygen delivery.

Answer 39

Including SpO2 to predict tissue perfusion ## Footnote Monitoring vital signs helps assess the severity of anemia and the body's compensatory mechanisms.

Answer 40

* Tachycardia * Orthostatic hypotension ## Footnote These symptoms can indicate a compensatory response to low blood volume or oxygen delivery.

Answer 41

<8 g/dL ## Footnote This threshold guides the appropriateness for activity and potential transfusion needs.

Answer 42

Symptoms-based approach for activity; collaborate with interprofessional team regarding transfusion ## Footnote An individualized approach is necessary for managing low hemoglobin levels.

Answer 43

Diabetic ketoacidosis, severe fatigue

Answer 44

decreased tolerance to activity, symptoms-based approach to appropriateness of activity.

Answer 45

lethargy, irritibility, shaking, extremity weakness, loss of consciousness

Answer 46

May not tolerate therapy until glucose level increased, glucose between 140-180 is recommended for most patients in non-critical care

Answer 47

Whether or not to utilize a weight-bearing prosthetic device in the early post-amputation phase before the residual limb is healed.

Answer 48

* Facilitating early mobilization * Gait re-education * Accelerated stump healing

Answer 49

* Risk of skin breakdown of the residual limb * Increased residual limb pain

Answer 50

[reduced complications]

Answer 51

It refers to training individuals to improve their walking patterns after amputation.

Answer 52

[prosthetic]

Answer 53

To prevent adhesions to the underlying tissue.

Answer 54

When the scar is not yet mature.

Answer 55

Pressure is applied above and below the incision line.

Answer 56

* Olive oil * Cocoa butter * Vitamin E cream

Answer 57

Skin breakdown delaying ambulation.

Answer 58

Any contracture ## Footnote Contractures can significantly affect the rehabilitation process for amputees.

Answer 59

Knee flexion contracture ## Footnote This type of contracture can hinder the fitting of prosthetics.

Answer 60

By donning a knee immobilizer immediately post-op or intra-operatively ## Footnote Early intervention is crucial for preventing contractures.

Answer 61

Hip flexion and hip abduction contracture ## Footnote These contractures can also complicate prosthetic fitting.

Answer 62

Anterior: Patella tendon, pretibials Posterior: Gastroc-soleus muscle belly, popliteal fossa Medial: Medial tibial flare Lateral: Shaft of fibula

Answer 63

Check height, foot is level in the shoe, 5 to 7 degrees socket flexion, weight line is near posterior third of foot, pin suspension engages/disengages easily

Answer 64

Does not have the ability or potential to ambulate or safely transfer with or without assistance, and a prosthesis does not enhance quality of life or mobility

Answer 65

Has the ability or potential to use a prosthesis for transfers or ambulation in level surfaces at a fixed cadence. Typical of the limited and unlimited household ambulator

Answer 66

Has the ability or potential for ambulation with the ability to transverse low level environmental barriers such as curbs, stairs, or uneven surfaces. Typical of the limited community ambulator

Answer 67

Has the ability or potential for ambulation with variable cadence. Typical of the community ambulator who has the ability to transverse most environmental barriers and mau have vocational, therapeutic, or exercise activity that demands prosthetic use beyond simple locomotion

Answer 68

Has the ability or potential for prosthetic ambulation that exceeds basic ambulation skills, exhibiting high impact, stress, or energy levels. Typical of the prosthetic demands of the child, active adult, or athlete

Answer 69

Primarily indicated for very short residual limb (transtibial)

Answer 70

Localization of load-bearing pressures on designated 'pressure tolerant' regions and targeted offloading of pressure intolerant regions ## Footnote This design aims to enhance comfort and functionality for the user.

Answer 71

The patellar tendon bar and medial tibial flare ## Footnote These areas are specifically designed to handle the weight and pressure from the prosthetic device.

Answer 72

Globally reduced socket volumes and relatively equal load bearing pressures throughout the entirety of the socket ## Footnote This design allows for increased surface area for weight bearing through reduced localized socket pressures.

Answer 73

Parallel to the limb surface ## Footnote Shear forces are best mitigated through the use of a socket interface.

Answer 74

Viscoelastic interface liners ## Footnote These liners are fabricated from a range of elastic materials including silicone, urethane, and other gel-like substances.

Answer 75

Forces that are applied perpendicular to the surface of the limb ## Footnote Understanding normal forces is crucial for appropriate socket design.

Answer 76

Improves load distribution ## Footnote This means that the forces on the residual limb are spread more evenly, potentially enhancing comfort and function.

Answer 77

Decreases pain and increases comfort ## Footnote This highlights the user experience improvements associated with gel liners.

Answer 78

A method similar to suction suspension with the addition of a vacuum element that actively draws air from the socket environment, resulting in elevated negative pressure. ## Footnote This method does not require initial prosthesis distraction from the residual limb to obtain negative pressure.

Answer 79

To decrease daily limb volume changes while facilitating more favorable pressure distribution during gait ## Footnote VAS stands for Vacuum-Assisted Suspension.

Answer 80

They require both awareness and compliance on the part of the end user and are not universally indicated ## Footnote This means that not all patients may be suitable for VAS socket use.

Answer 81

They can create skin blisters ## Footnote Proper fitting and maintenance are crucial to avoid skin issues.

Answer 82

Sufficient cognitive ability to know what to watch for and how to fix problems ## Footnote This cognitive awareness is essential for the effective use of VAS systems.

Answer 83

VAS requires more maintenance than other suspension systems ## Footnote Regular checks and adjustments are necessary to ensure proper function.

Answer 84

Creates excessive extensor moment at the knee, hampering forward progression ## Footnote This can lead to difficulties in maintaining a smooth gait.

Answer 85

Creates a flexion moment at the knee, leading to early 'drop off' and compromise of stance phase stability ## Footnote This can affect the overall stability and safety of the user while walking.

Answer 86

A tool to assess the mobility of amputees based on various criteria ## Footnote The AMP evaluates balance, postural stability, and walking cadence.

Answer 87

Proficient balance, postural stability, and ability to vary walking cadence ## Footnote A score above 37 suggests readiness for activities beyond basic ambulation.

Answer 88

A limitation in assessing higher level mobility due to maximum scores on the AMP ## Footnote Higher scores may not accurately reflect increased mobility potential.

Answer 89

* Adequate balance with static and lower level dynamic activities * Better than average lower limb power * Competent use of prosthesis ## Footnote These scores indicate a range of functional capabilities.

Answer 90

Keeps residual limb from migrating distally in socket

Answer 91

Keeps pelvis from translating anterior/posterior

Answer 92

Provides lateral stability (frontal plane) during gait Helps maintain femoral adduction

Answer 93

More narrow anterior/posterior, flat shelf for ischial tuberosity and glutes. ## Footnote Stabilizes ischial tuberosity on seat.

Answer 94

Wider anterior/posterior to accommodate muscle contraction, more narrow medial/lateral to maintain femoral adduction. ## Footnote Designed to enhance stability and control.

Answer 95

Lower trim lines posteriorly for more comfort when sitting. ## Footnote Aims to improve user experience during seated activities.

Answer 96

More comfortable, greater hip mobility, must be tight circumferentially. ## Footnote Allows for increased range of motion in the hip joint.

Answer 97

wound closure, tolerant to force couple pressures, circumference reduction, sound side weight bearing stability

Answer 98

Lateral trunk bending ## Footnote This occurs when the lateral prosthetic wall does not stabilize the femur in adduction.

Answer 99

The femur abducts, causing pelvic drop on the swinging side ## Footnote This is a consequence of inadequate stabilization by the prosthetic wall.

Answer 100

Uncomfortable pressure in the perineum ## Footnote This is particularly relevant if the medial socket wall is excessively high or sharp.

Answer 101

It widens the base of support ## Footnote This can lead to the necessity of leaning laterally to shift weight onto the prosthesis.

Answer 102

It widens the base of support ## Footnote Consequently, the individual must lean laterally to shift weight onto the prosthesis.

Answer 103

In the individual with a short amputation limb ## Footnote Shorter limbs may require more compensatory movements to maintain balance.

Answer 104

Significant hip flexion contracture or weakness of hip extensor muscles ## Footnote This compromises the patient's ability to stabilize the prosthetic knee by using active hip extension.

Answer 105

Vaulting is the act of forcefully plantar flexing the ankle on the intact side to ensure clearance for the prosthesis during its swing.

Answer 106

* Insufficient suspension * Loose socket * Excessive friction in the knee unit * Foot set in excessive plantar flexion

Answer 107

A patient may circumduct their prosthesis due to weak musculature, fear of stubbing their toe, or reluctance to use knee flexion because of anticipated instability.

Answer 108

* Anticipated instability in the early stance period * Fear of falling

Answer 109

Single Axis Knee

Answer 110

Their own muscle power

Answer 111

Constant friction control and a manual lock

Answer 112

The leg from swinging forward too quickly

Answer 113

A knee that is very stable and often prescribed for a first prosthesis.

Answer 114

The knee will not bend until the weight is displaced.

Answer 115

The braking mechanism provides additional mechanical stability.

Answer 116

It prevents the knee from rapidly buckling.

Answer 117

A hydraulic knee unit is a prosthetic knee that is cadence responsive, changing the forward progression of the prosthetic shin as gait speed changes. ## Footnote Hydraulic knee units are designed to adapt to varying walking speeds for active amputees.

Answer 118

Hydraulic systems provide the closest thing to normal knee function for active amputees. ## Footnote This is due to their ability to adjust based on walking speeds.

Answer 119

Hydraulic knees provide a smoother gait. ## Footnote The smoother gait is due to the responsive nature of hydraulic systems.

Answer 120

Hydraulic knees are heavier, require more maintenance, and have a higher initial cost. ## Footnote These factors may limit their use for some amputees.

Answer 121

Lean back to align with the ground reaction force at initial contact/loading response ## Footnote This allows the patient to 'ride' the friction of the knee mechanism down the hill.

Answer 122

Lean forward into the hill ## Footnote This posture utilizes the hip extensors, which have a better mechanical advantage in a flexed position.

Answer 123

Creates an extension moment at the knee, making it difficult to unlock the knee ## Footnote This is important to consider when instructing patients on climbing hills.

Answer 124

Through loading the prosthesis during terminal stance ## Footnote Once toe load is achieved, a quick hip flexion and pelvic protraction/rotation are performed.

Answer 125

Healing unlikely if toe pressure is <55mmHg

Answer 126

High risk for contracture development, prosthetic fitting can be challenging.

Answer 127

Preserves the Gastroc and anterior compartment muscles beyond the distal tibia Brings the flap of the gastroc-soleus forwards with the suture line being anterior distal below that of the tibia cut line

Answer 128

Designed for dysvascular patients to remove the most susceptible ischemic muscles during the surgery – thus less post-op complications Anterior & Lateral compartment and the Soleus and Lateral gastroc removed Also removes the fibula

Answer 129

to maintain prosthetic fit secondary to fluctuations in circumference such as in the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patient or those with other medical conditions such as CHF.

Answer 130

Typically performed when there is a nonhealing plantar ulcer, especially if there is osteomyelitis of the metatarsal head

Answer 131

Non-removable knee-high device

Answer 132

decrease daily limb volume changes while facilitating more favorable pressure distribution during gait

Answer 133

For patients ambulating at a single speed who require greater stability during weight acceptance because of weak knee extensors or poor balance. K1 patients.

Answer 134

Patients at elevated risks for overuse injury (i.e., osteoarthritis) to the contralateral lower limb and lower back Patients capable of variable speed and/or community ambulation are indicated for ESAR feet. Reduced sound side loading K2 or K3

Answer 135

for patients with very limited ambulation potential or ability. Consists of a very rigid forefoot and cushioned heel

Answer 136

Heavier than most feet Require nightly charging Currently limited to single axis Not appropriate for very high activity or running Actively respond and adapt to changes in the environment

Answer 137

Have adequate balance with both static and lower level dynamic activities Demonstrate better than average lower limb power Show competent use of prosthesis

Answer 138

Poor control of the flexor muscles during swing phase, Spasticity of the extensor muscles acting to lengthen the affected leg. The knee is stiff, hyperextends during stance, and does not flex normally during swing causing circumduction

Answer 139

little to no effect on propulsion with AFO and no effect with FES. Must balance between stability vs allowing movement.

Answer 140

Pushes tibia posteriorly to help minimize knee buckling.

Answer 141

Pushes tibia foward to help minimize knee hyperextension or extensor thrust.

Answer 142

They determine how stiff an AFO will be

Answer 143

Provide a moderate resistance during LR to prevent foot-slap Allow free dorsiflexion in stance phase Provide large resistance in swing phase to inhibit drop-foot Assist push-off function by providing plantarflexion moment ## Footnote AFOs assist eccentric contraction of the dorsiflexors during the LR, thereby preserving the heel rocker function and positively affected gait velocity

Answer 144

Sufficient ROM in Lower Extremity joints to align segments The ability (including cognition) and desire to meet ambulation goals Adequate cardiovascular endurance and adequate Upper Extremity (UE) and Lower Extremity (LE) strength for the intended activity, i.e. ambulation Sufficient strength to advance the limb

Answer 145

In the anterior compartment, typically a pin is utilized to control tibial advancement (dorsiflexion stop) in stance for a knee extension moment at heel off. In the posterior compartment, either a spring or pin is effective to aid in foot clearance during swing. (PF stop or DF assist)

Answer 146

Plantarflexion Stop and Dorsiflexion Stop Influences knee stability Triplanar control -> Based on trim lines (if plastic

Answer 147

-Weakness of dorsiflexors and plantarflexors -Quadriceps weakness -Excessive ankle/foot pronation -Helps restore normal stance phase shank and knee kinematics

Answer 148

-Isolated swing phase deficits without stance phase deficits -Isolated dorsiflexor weakness -If there is sufficient plantarflexor length AND strength to allow free dorsiflexion and still achieve maximum knee extension at mid-stance and a stiff ankle in late stance

Answer 149

Facilitates knee extension (minimizes knee buckling), stiff ankle for push off at terminal stance/pre-swing

Answer 150

Primarily for swing limb clearance, Allows for controlled foot flat from initial contact to loading response

Answer 151

Indications: Dorsiflexor weakness Contraindications: Abnormal shank and knee kinematics Moderate to severe tone/spasticity

Answer 152

Least bulky, provides some dorsiflexion assist but limits plantarflexion

Answer 153

Indications: Dorsiflexor weakness with minimal need to control stance phase kinematics Primarily facilitate swing limb clearance Contraindications: Need to control stance phase kinematics Medial/lateral ankle instability??? Knee Instability Moderate to severe tone/spasticity, problematic with PF spasticity

Answer 154

Usually a limited motion articulated ankle joint allowing ankle dorsiflexion Facilitates knee flexion in early stance

Answer 155

Indications: Dorsiflexor Weakness Knee hyperextension in early stance (reclined shank) Contraindications: Weak quadriceps Gastrocnemius spasticity Insufficient plantarflexor length and strength to allow free dorsiflexion and achieve maximum knee extension at midstance and stiff ankle in late stance

Answer 156

Rigid section over anterior proximal tibia provides an external extension moment at the knee Provides additional knee stability in late stance phase Often an attempt to avoid going towards long leg bracing

Answer 157

Indications: Dorsiflexor Weakness Plantarflexor Weakness Quadriceps Weakness Contraindications: If “less” control will suffice Knee hyperextension For prefabricated designs: -Any frontal/transverse plane ankle instability -If ankle angle other than 90 degrees is required

Answer 158

Provides partial support of the head reducing paraspinal contraction and spasm. Its true benefit is warmth, psychological reassurance and a kinesthetic reminder to limit motion. The problem is that it gives no true structural cervical spine support.

Answer 159

Very light weight flexible collar. Limited control, Low profile and used to support the head

Answer 160

Provide maximal control of flexion, extension and rotation of the cervical spine, control motion down to T5. Indications for use is Atlanto-axial instability such as in Rheumatoid Arthritis Neural arch fractures of C2 due to flexion instability.

Answer 161

The Halo is commonly used for complex combined C1 and C2 fracture patterns where internal stabilization is not possible without extension to the occiput, which results in severe loss of motion. Results in maximal triplanar control

Answer 162

The altered center of mass (COM) due to fixed head position and weight of the vest.

Answer 163

A forward-flexion posture.

Answer 164

A cane or walker.

Answer 165

Postural reeducation.

Answer 166

Poor cervical spine dissociation.

Answer 167

Best used for fractures from T10-L2, Goal is to prevent excessive anterior flexion and development of kyphotic deformity, Contraindicated for 3 column instability.

Answer 168

The TLSO is the recommended treatment for significant fractures at the thoracolumbar junction that are being treated conservatively. TLSOs can be used to manage fractures from T6 to L4.

Answer 169

Commonly prescribed post L2-4 spinal surgery or with non operative back pain, Predominately used now for comfort OR those pt’s with poor bone quality (check PMH)

Answer 170

Kinesthetic awareness, pain relief, reduce excessive lumbar lordosis, vasomotor and respiratory support in SCI patients ## Footnote SCI stands for Spinal Cord Injury.

Answer 171

Provide more stability and can create increased intra-abdominal pressure to improve spinal stability ## Footnote Long-term use may lead to concerns for deconditioning.

Answer 172

Deconditioning ## Footnote Deconditioning refers to the loss of physical fitness and strength.

Answer 173

They are used by patients with back pain attributed to sacroiliac joint (SIJ) hypo- or hypermobility ## Footnote SI Support Braces help stabilize the sacroiliac joint.

Answer 174

By contributing to SIJ compression, which assists in stabilizing the joints ## Footnote This is often combined with manipulation or spinal stabilization exercises.

Answer 175

Pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain and low back pain ## Footnote These conditions often lead to increased mobility in the SI joint.

Answer 176

It may decrease SIJ mobility and reduce pain symptoms during functional activities ## Footnote This is particularly beneficial for patients experiencing pain related to SIJ hypermobility.

Answer 177

Curves 30-40 degrees ## Footnote Bracing is effective before skeletal maturity.

Answer 178

Curves 40-50+ degrees ## Footnote Surgery is a last resort for severe cases.

Answer 179

30-40 degrees ## Footnote This is to prevent further progression of the curve.

Answer 180

Most commonly seen for patient following total hip replacement for whom dislocation is a concern, or following closed reduction of a dislocated total hip ## Footnote The brace is crucial in preventing dislocation in patients post-surgery.

Answer 181

Limits hip flexion ## Footnote This limitation helps in stabilizing the hip joint post-surgery.

Answer 182

Increased femoroacetabular stability ## Footnote This stability is essential for proper recovery and function post-surgery.

Answer 183

Prophylactic knee orthoses (PKOs) are knee braces that are designed to mitigate or altogether prevent soft tissue injury, usually ligamentous, to the healthy knee

Answer 184

Hyperextension Moderate to severe ACL or PCL instabilities ACL/PCL instabilities combined (CI) MCL/LCL instabilities ACL or PCL reconstruction Prophylactic use

Answer 185

Recommended for non-contact sport and activities of daily living. Suitable for mild to moderate ligament instabilities

Answer 186

For acute mild to moderate lateral patellar subluxation or dislocation and maltracking.

Answer 187

Provides stabilization, protection and support to a body segment Can be used as adjunctive treatment or exercise device by blocking a distal segment to increase glide of another joint or improve tendon excursion

Answer 188

Applied to a lengthened tissue, typically at the end range of motion ## Footnote Serial static orthoses are designed to maintain a specific position to facilitate tissue elongation.

Answer 189

Better choice for the young, cognitive or behavioral issue pts, or those who have variable tone and spasticity ## Footnote Non-removable orthoses provide consistent support for patients who may not be compliant.

Answer 190

Worn for extended periods of time ## Footnote Extended wear is essential for achieving the desired therapeutic effects.

Answer 191

Use of an elastic type force to mobilize specific tissues to achieve increases in ROM The dynamic force applied is maintained as long as the elastic component can contract, even when the tissue reaches the end of its elastic boundary.

Answer 192

Used to mobilize tissue in one direction through the application of a low load long duration stretch for a long period of time. GOAL: tissue will accommodate to this new positon Different than dynamic orthosis in that the force applied is static

Answer 193

Wrist 20-30 deg ext MP joints 35-45 deg flexion PIP joint 45 deg flexion and DIP relaxed flexed position Thumb in palmar abd

Answer 194

Wrist in 30-40 deg ext MP joints 60 to 90 deg flexion PIP and DIP in extension Thumb in palmar abd

Answer 195

The anatomical axis of the target joint

Answer 196

The segment of the orthosis that applies the effort force

Answer 197

The segment of the limb that resists the effort force

Answer 198

90 degrees to the body segment being mobilized ## Footnote This angle maximizes the therapeutic effect.

Answer 199

Tolerable ## Footnote Ensuring comfort for the patient is crucial.

Answer 200

Edema, skin blanching, vascular changes, and pain ## Footnote Monitoring these signs is important for patient safety.

Answer 201

Used in SCI patients ## Footnote SCI stands for Spinal Cord Injury

Answer 202

Extensor carpi radialis

Answer 203

Grasp, holding and releasing desired objects

Answer 204

Reduction in subluxation and pain, Improved UE positioning for ambulation, Creates compressive forces throughout the UE ## Footnote UE stands for Upper Extremity.

Answer 205

Provides or assists DF to improve foot clearance during swing phase. Also may provide improved foot position at IC during stance. There are no effects on knee or ankle medial/lateral stability.

Answer 206

No stance-phase effects, may improve foot position at IC, no impact on propulsion/push-off power

Answer 207

Patient must have good knee control, PF spasiticity may decrease success, sensory aspects, maintenance, cost

Answer 208

Often 30 pps ## Footnote Setting the frequency at 30 pulses per second (pps) is typically used to reduce fatigue during electrical stimulation.

Answer 209

mA ## Footnote Amplitude, which influences the strength of the stimulation, is measured in milliamperes (mA).

Answer 210

Increases fatigue ## Footnote Higher frequencies can lead to quicker onset of fatigue in the stimulated muscles.

Answer 211

Want as low as possible, often 30 pps ## Footnote Lower frequencies are preferred in FES to minimize muscle fatigue and discomfort.

Answer 212

* Comfort * Fatigue over time * Nonfused 'twitchy' contraction ## Footnote These factors influence the effectiveness and tolerability of the stimulation during therapy.

Answer 213

* Spasticity * Skin * Hypersensitivity * Individual's goals * Stance-phase stability * PROM

Answer 214

Individuals who had some level of motor activation to the key muscle groups being stimulated

Answer 215

No, one device is not superior to another across outcomes.

Answer 216

Greater immediate effect, better option for slower ambulators or individuals with a lower level of mobility, and better for improved balance confidence

Answer 217

Greater therapeutic effects, better option for faster ambulators or individuals with a higher level of mobility, and higher user satisfaction.

Answer 218

Rigid support of the ankle in the desired position ## Footnote This support has implications for knee control.

Answer 219

It restricts ankle motion which impacts: * DF in swing * Stance-phase knee flexion or extension ## Footnote DF stands for dorsiflexion.

Answer 220

Decreased equinovarus ## Footnote Equinovarus refers to a foot position where the heel is elevated and the foot is turned inward.

Answer 221

Medial/lateral ankle stability

Answer 222

By changing trimlines or using different materials

Answer 223

Increased static balance

Answer 224

Possible less volitional muscle activation

Answer 225

Ankle PROM limitations

Answer 226

Bulk and weight of AFO

Answer 227

Prevents ankle DF motion

Answer 228

DF in swing

Answer 229

By restricting ankle motion

Answer 230

Content Flashcards

(328 cards)